Malignant neoplasms arising in the broad ligament are quite unusual. Although tens of broad ligament cancers of low potential malignancy have been documented, there have been only two reports of high-grade cases. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether broad ligament tumors are mesonephric (wolffian) or paramesonephric (müllerian) in origin. This case study reports a 49-year-old nulliparous woman who, during her follow-up for breast cancer, demonstrated a 39- x 32-mm solid and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma within the broad ligament of the right adnexa. Because of its rarity and poor differentiation, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify the primary malignancy and determine its origin. Positive expression of WT1, CA125, and ER and negative expression of GCDFP-15, HER-2, and PgR in broad ligament cancer, in conjunction with positive expression of GCDFP-15 and ER and negative expression of WT1, HER-2 and PgR in the previous breast cancer, suggested broad ligament cancer to be a gynecological primary malignancy with serous characteristics rather than a metastasis from the previous breast cancer. In addition, EMA-positive and CK7-negative expression indicated a müllerian origin. Broad ligament cancers of müllerian origin occur predominantly in women of reproductive age, most of whom are infertile or nulliparous. This feature, together with the positive expression of ER in this case, may raise the possible hormonal influence on the etiology of broad ligament cancer of müllerian origin.
This study aimed to examine the usefulness of muscle mass measurement using the segmental bioelectric impedance analysis on the non-paretic and paretic sides of patients with hemiplegia due to stroke. The subjects were 11 stroke patients and 16 healthy individuals. The stroke patients had developed stroke within the previous 6 months and had performed exercise. The muscle mass was measured in the four limbs in a supine position using a muscle mass measuring apparatus with 12 conduction electrodes using segmental bioelectric impedance analysis. There was no significant difference between the muscle mass on the non-paretic side of the stroke patients and that on the right and left side of the healthy individuals. The muscle mass on the paretic side of the stroke patients was significantly lower than that on the right and left sides of the healthy individuals. The difference between the muscle mass on the non-paretic and paretic sides of the stroke patients was significantly higher than that between the muscle mass on the right and left sides of the healthy individuals. These results suggest that segmental bioelectric impedance analysis can accurately detect the difference between the muscle mass on the non-paretic and paretic sides after the onset of stroke and is useful in physical therapy as a simple and non-invasive method for muscle mass measurement.
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