Cooperative economics looks at market failures as areas for development. The cooperative development process, however, requires member engagement or cohesion in the process according to the Cooperative Management Equilibrium Theory. This cohesion requires an awareness and understanding by the cooperative members of the market failure to develop the capacity to address the failure. This article looks at the effects of government agricultural programs on economic, environmental and social sustainability. The questions we ask is how does a focus on economic development push against social and environmental sustainability within the agricultural sector in Togo? Does member cohesion within a cooperative represent a form of Polanyian double movement through social and environmental cohesion? The current development models utilize what Sen refers to as an austere mode of development which forgoes social or environmental considering them luxuries. Does the focus of economic development build capacity only for economic performance within the Togo agricultural sector at the expense of social and environmental sustainability? Utilizing Deep Participatory Indicator Approach (DPIB) approach this paper examines the economic, environmental and social indicators within two prefectures in the Plateaux Region of Togo. Indicators were separated to show the differences between individual or cooperative producers. As cooperatives it was anticipated that a greater emphasis on social and environmental sustainability would be created through cohesive social action. This study found that the emphasis on economic development included in government programs built development capacity within cooperatives emphasizing their cooperative market cohesion.
La dégradation de l'environnement s'accentue et des études ont déjà révélé que les activités humaines telles que l'agriculture en sont les principales causes. Il s'agit d'une urgence qui exige une action de la part de tous les acteurs à tous les niveaux, et plus encore de la part des chercheurs. C’est d’ailleurs pour cette cause que la cible 7 de l’SDG 17 exhorte au transfert et à la diffusion de technologies respectueuses de l’environnement. Cependant, les articles de revue et de recherche qui émergent autour de la question de l'évaluation de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles semblent laisser de côté la capitalisation des résultats sur le terrain et aucune approche d’évaluation n’inclue une telle étape qui demeure la plus importante. La présente revue de la littérature invite les chercheurs à s’impliquer dans la mise en œuvre des recommandations après toute étude d’évaluations de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles. Elle part d’une analyse critique des recherches récentes sur la question entre 2017 et 2020 et débouche sur une approche de recherche-action nommée Deep Participatory Indicator-Based (DPIB). Les moteurs de recherche scientifique comme Google Scholar et Science Direct ont été utilisés pour identifier trente (30) articles pertinents à cet effet.
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