Objective To compare the completeness and quality of information about diabetic retinopathy on Wikipedia in the world’s leading spoken languages in 2020. Design and methods An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The information on diabetic retinopathy obtained from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia® was assessed in languages with one hundred million or more total speakers. The term "diabetic retinopathy" was accessed in the corresponding Wikipedia entry in English, while the "more languages" function gives access to other languages. The information on the sites was collected by three ophthalmologist observers. A database was created with the most important subtopics for the education of patients with diabetic retinopathy in any of its classifications, based on a 25-question survey. The results were stratified on a scale from 0 to 4. A confirming correlation was found in the statistical analysis among the observers. Results No language achieved the label “excellent”; 2 languages were rated as “fair “; 4 languages qualified as “substandard”; and 7 languages were scored as “poor.” No information could be found in five languages. Conclusions As would be expected, the quality of content is variable across different languages. However, if anyone can edit Wikipedia, health professionals can do so as well to improve the quality and quantity of information for patients.

Background Brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) variants may have a clinical impact during surgical procedures, some of which could be fatal. The objective of this study was to classify height positions of the BCT and report their prevalence in a Mexican population. Methods Patients: A retrospective, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional was performed using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of adult (> 18 years of age) patients, without gender distinction, of Mexican origin. Measuring techniques were standardized using the suprasternal notch to analyze linear and maximum heights, linear and curved lengths, and the vertebral origin and bifurcation levels of the BCT. Results A total of 270 CTA were obtained (66.7% men and 33.3% women). A high position of BCT was present in 64.81% (n 175/270). The mean linear medial height was 0.58 ± 1.91 cm, the maximum height of the free edge was 3.85 ± 2.04 cm, side length of the midline at the maximum height of the free edge was 1.46 ± 2.59, linear length 3.72 ± 0.70, and a curve length 3.99 ± 0.79. The BCT origin was most predominant at the T3 (57.9%) and T4 (27.0%) vertebral levels, with the bifurcation at T2 (57.9%) and T1 (36.2%). Conclusions There is a high prevalence of high position BCT in our population. Patients should be assessed before any procedures in the area, due to the potential risk of complications.

We report the case of an adult patient with thumb polydactyly. The pre-axial thumb is in a non-functional flexion, while the 1st thumb maintains normal function. X-ray of the hand reveals a “T” shape 1st metacarpus bone, giving origin to the pre-axial polydactyly. Although this variation is not specifically described in the Wassel classification, we classify it as a type V of the Rotterdam´s classification. Patient is managed surgically, using a dynamic incision for polydactyly amputation. The polydactyly thumb has no identifiable muscle/tendon structures responsible of this unique deformation. The procedure results in good post-operative evolution with aesthetic scaring, and integral thumb function.

The buccal fat pad (BFP), is an adipose tissue located in the cheek, with complex morphology. Oral bichatectomy is a frequent aesthetic procedure with possible complications. Our objective was to determine the volume and its relationship with the upper 2nd molar and the facial artery (FA). A cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Computed tomography was used to obtain 3D images to determine volume, length, and width. Distances from the 2nd molar to each extension, and the nearest distance to the FA were measured. A total of 106 BFP (70 male) were included. The mean age was 51±21. The mean volume, length, and width were 13.8±5.4 ml, 72.9±10.7 mm, and 21.4±5.6 mm, respectively. The BFP extends mainly cephalically and caudally from the second molar, reaching upto 8.5 cm and 32 ml. The mean distance between the second molar and FA was 12.9 mm, but as close as 3 mm. The FA had a mean distance of 2.1mm to the nearest BFP extension, with 42.5% in intimate contact, and another 9.4% crossing the center of the masseter extension. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. The BFP has a dynamic shape with highly variable size and volume. The FA is often at risk of damage during procedures due to proximity

This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed.