Anodic properties of solid oxide fuel cells have been evaluated for several anode/electrolyte systems. Anodic overvoltage of metal/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interface was related with metal-oxygen bonding strength and was the smallest for the Ni anode in the present study. The anodic polarization conductivity of Ni-YSZ cermet/YSZ electrolyte interface strongly depended on oxygen partial pressure, Po2 , 'in fuel, but was independent of the kind of fuel (H2-H20, CO-CO2, and CH4-H20). The activation of oxygen ion appears to be the rate limiting step in the overall reaction. The overvoltages of Ni/and Pt/samaria-doped ceria (SDC) were very small as compared with those of Ni/and Pt/YSZ. The anodic properties were also influenced by the oxide material mixed with Ni as a cermet component. The sequence of anodic polarization conductivities of Ni-oxide cermet systems was Ni-PrOx > Ni-SDC > Ni-YSZ.
Both AFI and NBI are considered to be feasible tools that can discriminate colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps, and their use may be particularly beneficial for less-experienced endoscopists.
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