Однією з головних проблем національної економіки України на сьогодні є енергозабез печеність, в першу чергу, власною вуглеводневою сировиною. У зв'язку зі значним виснаженням розвіданих свого часу запасів вуглеводнів стабілізація та подальше збільшення обсягів видобутку вуглеводнів є надзвичайно актуальною проблемою для всіх нафтогазоносних регіонів України, які характеризуються високим ступенем розвіданості початко вих запасів нафти і газу та скороченням фонду підготовлених пошукових об'єктів. Ситуація з енергетичними носіями в Україні вимагає пошуку їх можливих резервів. На даний час нарощування сировинної вуглеводневої бази України можливе за такими основними напрямами:пошуки та відкриття нових родовищ і покладів;
This article discusses processes of rock-mass geothermal and geomechanical energy transfer on the nanolevel and describes different mechanisms of potential energy absorption, distribution and usage by the molecular structure of the coal substance. We show that mechanical and thermal energies in the molecular structure of the coal substance are transformed into quantum-mechanical energy which feeds the structural transformations and generation processes in the substance. At the nanolevel, the energy inflow transforms the atomic-molecular structure, changes the physical and chemical properties of the coal and may cause fluid (including methane) emission. The availability of a general solution for energetic problems of different hierarchical levels is evidence of the possibility of using a fractal approach for researching the energy re-distribution in the system.
A new approach for the study of processes at the atomic-molecular level occurring in the current situation in fossil carbonized organics was proposed. A new phenomenological model of physicochemical transformations in a metastable coal substance with the emission of fluids has been developed. The proposed physic/chemical model is based on the genetic connection of coal methane with fossil organic matter and determines the conditions for the activation of structural transformations in coalmines. This model describes the possible options for the coal/gas system development in the current situation. The accumulation of thermal and mechanical energy by coal in the form of structural stresses in an amount, sufficient to activate free-radical reactions, was experimentally established. In the undisturbed coalrock massif the processes of the coal molecular structure transformation have the relaxation character. The result of relaxation of the accumulated energy in the conditions of a gas-saturated coalrock massif is the methane generation by coal. Gas generation in the process of coalification, in its essence, is the energy response of the system to the action of external geomechanical options (temperature and pressure), by the way of releasing the accumulated additional energy with the emission of gaseous products and the destruction of the solid phase in the organic matter of the coal.
A new DeteRmInAtIOn methOD FOR COAL metAmORPhISm DeGRee Purpose. Development and approbation of a new method for determining the degree of coal metamorphism by the index of gray shade intensity of macerals for microphotographs of lump sections of coal samples. methodology. Optical spectroscopy using a videooptical complex: MBI-11, HB 200, followed by digital com puter processing (Scope photo software) of microphotographs of coal substance samples upon lump sections. Findings. A new method is proposed for determining the degree of coal substance metamorphism, the essence of which is the use of optical microscopy of lump sections of coal samples, followed by digital processing of the obtained data. The method was tested on coal samples of various ranks-from longflame to anthracite. To characterize the degree of coal metamorphism, a new index of the gray shade intensity of macerals was applied on the photographic images of the lump sections of coal samples microscopically. Correlation of the proposed index with the classical ones of the degree of coal metamorphism-vitrinite reflectance is shown. Originality. For the first time, a digital processing of photographic images of the lump sections of coal samples using a new index of gray shade intensity of macerals was applied to characterize the degree of coal metamorphism. Practical value. The proposed method can be used for practical application in order to assess the degree of coal metamorphism. This method differs by its operability and simplicity from the currently widely used one for determin ing the degree of coal metamorphism by vitrinite reflectance. The method can also be applied to assess the recover ability of coals and calculation of their maceral composition.
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