A study to determine the nutritive value of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves in sheep diets was conducted. Mulberry leaves contained (g kg(-1) on dry matter basis): 163 ash, 201 crude protein, 120 crude fibre, 37 ether extracts, 479 nitrogen-free extracts, 268 neutral detergent fibre, 148 acid detergent fibre, 41 acid detergent lignin, 121 cellulose and 107 hemicellulose, while the in vitro true digestibility of dry matter was 89.8%. The nitrogen (N) solubility, determined using: a) McDougall's buffer, b) 0.02 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and c) 0.15 N sodium chloride (NaCl) as solvents, ranged from 11.6 to 14.9% of total N. In addition, the soluble non-protein nitrogen contributed a substantial part of total N (26.1%), the total true protein was 14.4% and the protein fractions evaluated after classical protein fractionation, were: albumins 11.1, globulins 9.7, prolamins 44.1, glutelins 8.5 and insoluble (or structural) proteins 26.6% of total N. In a digestibility trial, where mulberry leaves partially replaced lucerne hay and concentrates in wether sheep diets, there were no significant differences in dry matter, crude protein or crude fibre digestibility of the total diet. It was concluded that mulberry leaves have an appreciable potential as a protein source in sheep feeding.
This review deals with the toxicology of sulfur in ruminants including toxicity, neurotoxic effects, and mechanism of toxic action of hydrogen sulfide, clinical signs, and treatment. It will report effects of excessive intake of sulfur by ruminants on feed intake, animal performance, ruminal digestion and motility, rumination, and other physiological functions. Poisoning of animals with sulfur from industrial emissions (sulfur dioxide) also is discussed. Excessive quantities of dietary sulfur (above .3 to .4%) as sulfate or elemental sulfur may cause toxic effects and in extreme cases can be fatal. The means is discussed whereby consumption of excessive amounts of sulfur leads to toxic effects.
Ifosfamide (IFS) is a new alkylating oxazaphosphorine related to cyclophosphamide. Various side effects have been reported; however, cardiotoxicity is not known to occur in humans. We report for first time acute cardiac side effects upon IFS treatment in the form of supraventricular arrhythmias and ST-T wave changes. IFS dose ranged from 6.5 g/m2 to 10 g/m2 fractionated in 3 or 5 days and infused i.v. over 4 h daily together with 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate sodium (Mesna). Arrhythmias appeared to be reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. In one patient, readministration of IFS led to arrhythmia that was refractory to treatment. Factors predisposing to the development of cardiac side effects could not be determined in this study. We suggest that patients who receive IFS treatment should be monitored for the occurrence of cardiac abnormalities. Readministration of the drug may be contraindicated in such patients.
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