The purpose of the study was to compare the impact of bilateral and multilateral aid on economic growth in middle and low-income Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) countries, and determine whether the impact is contingent on institutional quality. The study relied on panel data from 28 SSA countries from 1999 – 2015. Countries were grouped into middle and low-income countries following the World Bank classification, and a dynamic model was specified and estimated for both categories of countries using the technique of system GMM. After accounting for the differences in levels of economic development, the results showed that only multilateral aid had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in both middle and low-income countries, and that the impact is contingent on existence of good quality institutions. The study therefore recommends that donors should focus more on advancing aid through multilateral channels, and that governments of SSA countries—both middle and low-income—should focus on strengthening the quality of their institutions if they are to maximize value from multilateral aid.
The banking landscape in Uganda is such that there is a section of commercial banks that has consistently posted impressive performance figures, particularly over the last five years, while the performance of the others leaves a lot to be desired. This study’s purpose was to examine the effect of differentiation strategy on the financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda. The study employed a cross-sectional design characterized by a quantitative approach. The target population in this study constituted 210 Senior Managers and Chief Executives of 10 selected commercial banks in Uganda that have been rated as the best performing commercial banks in the five years (2015-2019). A sample of 144 individuals was calculated for this study using Yamane’s (1967) formula, and the probability sampling technique of stratified proportionate random sampling was used in selecting Senior Managers of the selected commercial banks, and these were surveyed using a structured self-completion questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations; and inferentially using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between product differentiation strategy and financial performance in terms of ROI (β = 0.5841, ρ<0.05). The study concluded that product differentiation strategy is an important factor in the financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda particularly in terms of ROI.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of cost leadership strategy on perceived financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda. To achieve this objective, the study tested the following hypothesis: cost leadership strategy significantly affects perceived financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda. The study employed a cross‐sectional correlational design, in which primary data was collected using self‐completed questionnaires from a population comprising of Senior Managers of the 10 best ranked commercial banks in the country over the period 2015 – 2019. The data was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages as well as inferentially using structural equation modelling. The results of hypothesis testing indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between cost leadership strategy and perceived financial performance in terms of ROI (β = 0.410, ρ<0.05). The conclusion of the study is that cost‐leadership strategy is an important factor of perceived financial performance in Uganda. Therefore, in order to enhance perceived financial performance, commercial banks in Uganda should pursue cost leadership strategy, which is characterized by charging relatively low prices for products and services, purchasing inputs in bulk, regularly training employees in efficient resource utilization, adopting a lean approach in banking processes and operations, and regularly evaluating banking operations to ensure efficiency.
The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of bilateral and multilateral aid on domestic savings in SSA countries, and assess whether the impact depends on the quality of institutions. Using a panel data set of 28 selected SSA countries from 1996 – 2015, a model was specified and estimated using the techniques of random effects based on results of the Hausman test. The results show that only bilateral aid has a significant negative impact on domestic savings of SSA countries, implying a crowding-out effect. However, the impact of multilateral aid was found insignificant. After interacting bilateral and multilateral aid with institutional quality, it turns out that the negative impact of bilateral aid persists whereas multilateral aid shows a positive impact on domestic savings. It is interesting to note that aid regardless of the composition crowds out domestic savings in middle income SSA countries even after interacting with institutions, while for the case of low income countries, foreign aid particularly multilateral aid complements domestic saving if accompanied with improvement in the quality of institutions.
The moderating effect of managerial discretion on the relationship between product differentiation strategy and firm financial performance has not received necessary empirical attention. The study sought to examine the moderating effect of managerial discretion on the relationship between product differentiation and the perceived financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda. A cross-section survey design was formulated targeting a population comprised of 210 Senior Managers and Chief Executives of 10 selected commercial banks in Uganda, which were chosen because of their relatively consistent superior financial performance in the last five years. A sample of 137 individuals was calculated using Yamane’s (1967) formula, and the technique of stratified proportionate random sampling was used in selecting sample subjects. Data was collected from these individuals using structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively (using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferentially using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The coefficient of the interaction term between managerial discretion and product differentiation strategy (MD*PD) was found positive and significant (β = 0.3421, ρ<0.05). Accordingly, the null hypothesis was rejected. It is concluded that managerial discretion is an important factor in the adoption of product differentiation strategies for purposes of enhancing the perceived financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda. The study recommends that commercial banks in Uganda should avail Chief Executives with the necessary and adequate latitude to implement product differentiation strategies if they are to maximize financial performance.
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