Background. Although there are frequent studies about normal range of thoracic kyphosis, there is still a controversy about the exact values of this curve. In nine reported studies on 10 to 20 years of age boys, the value ranged from 25.1° to 53.3°. Objective for the Study. The aim of the present research was investigation of normal ranges of thoracic kyphosis in school children in Kermanshah, western Iran. Methods. 582 male students aged 13 to 18 years old using cluster random sampling were recruited from schools in Kermanshah city, 97 students for each age. Thoracic curves were measured using the flexicurve method. Results. Mean thoracic kyphosis for whole population was 35.49° SD 7.83 and plus or minus two standard deviations ranged from 19.83° to 51.15°. It increased gradually from 13 to 16 and then there was a little decrease to 18 years. Mean values for each age (13–16) were 13 (34.41 SD 7.47°), 14 (34.86 SD 8.29°), 15 (35.79 SD 7.93°), 16 (36.49 SD 7.85°), 17 (35.84 SD 8.33°), and 18 (35.55 SD 7.07°). Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with previous reports and can be used as normal values for local and regional purposes.
The aim of this study is to determine the degree of applying risk management behaviors among managers and directors of sports councils in Khorasan province which is located in the east of Iran. The method was descriptive-analytic, and conducted on all the managers and directors of sports councils. The samples was included 126 managers and directors of sports councils in Khorasan who had been working in the East area (Khorasan). The questionnaire (risk management, Aeron. 2004) was used and Cronbach Alpha was .87 which was satisfactory. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal Wallis H, Kendall & Pearson), have been used in data analysis. The findings of the research showed that there isn’t any meaningful relationship between levels of education, the employment status, coaching status and risk management behaviors, while there was meaningful relationship between field of education)p? 0.006), coaching experience(p?0.033, r=0.185), managing experience(p?0.001, r= 0.260) and risk management behaviors. As a whole we can say that the level of performance of risk management behaviors among the sports councils in Kuhorsan province has a desirable condition. It was also found that staff directors performed risk management behaviors better than line directors
The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship of sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province in Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive survey. The research statistical society consisted 255 members of all directors at Kurdistan Sport domain. The sampling method was simple random and for determining the sample volume 150 sport directors' managers of Kurdistan province, using Morgan table, were selected as the sample. Measuring tool was questionnaires of Thomas Irons about familiarity of managers and directors with sports rights and risk management. Its validity was confirmed by 10 experts and its stability was % 85 and % 89, in order. For theories analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. The finding showed that there is relation between the familiarity of sports directors with sports rights concepts, supervision, medical issues, bystander and population control, transportation, safety and applied equipment to their schedule at Kurdistan province. P<0.05; but employment and upbringing, safety, applied equipment and facilities factors do not affect manager's familiarity with sports rights P>0.05. Finally, it can be said that it seems risk management and sports rights require facilities and specific situations that rarely exist in the country's organizations and institutions and while it is not the right condition it is not expected these behaviors would happen in a favorable way. The present research concluded valuable results about investigating the relationships of familiarity of sports directors of Kurdistan province, with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors.
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