In this work, Forming Limit Curves (FLCs) of the conventional and pre-stretched High Strength Steel (HSS) sheet grade 440 (SCGA440-45) were investigated. The conventional forming limit curve was experimentally determined by using the Nakajima stretching test. Subsequently, the non-linear strain path FLCs were precisely developed through the Nakajima stretching test after the specimens were pre-stretched in biaxial direction up to several levels on the Marciniak In-plane stretching test. The gained non-linear strain path FLCs were compared with the conventional FLC.Additionally, the experimental Forming Limit Stress Curve (FLSCs) were calculated using the experimental FLC and non-linear strain path FLCs data from investigated steel sheet. The yield criterion Hill’48 was employed in combination with the Swift strain hardening law to describe anisotropic deformation and plastic flow behavior of the HSS sheet, respectively. Hereby, the influence of pre-stretching levels on the experimentally determined the FLCs and FLSCs were examined. The results prove a significant influence of the pre-stretching levels on the both FLCs and FLSCs of the investigated HSS sheet. For a low pre-stretching in biaxial loading the FLCs demonstrated a reduced formability and the FLSCs exhibited the limited stress levels depending on the experimental FLC data.
In this work, nonlinear forming limit curves were developed through a systematic combination of both experimental and numerical tools. FLCs derived from both intact and pre-stretched DP440 high-strength steel (HSS) sheet were involved. First of all, prepared sheet specimens were, in compliance with the Marciniak test procedure, in-plane pre-stretched in either of the following three directions, uniaxial tension, plane strain and biaxial, at varying strain levels. Afterwards, each distinguishingly pre-strained specimen was post-strained until fracture following the Nakajima test guideline. The so-called displacement function could be determined out of these experimental data. An individual nonlinear IFU-FLCs was approximated with the help of the base linear FLC, the formulated displacement function and a unique simulated strain path collectively gathered from the local fracture zone. Two yield models, Hill’48 and Yld2000- 2d, were tried during strain-path calculations to observe how different yield models would alter the paths and thus developed nonlinear FLCs. From the study, notable variation was detected. In the end, validity of such nonlinear FLCs were proven through a complex-shaped industrial stamping part. The IFU-FLC noticeably-better defined forming limits of parts experiencing nonlinear strain paths than the conventional one.
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