An all-solid-state potentiometric electrode system for aluminium ion determination was developed with a new aluminium ion sensor as the working electrode based on a new ionophore for aluminium ion, 1,1′-[(methylazanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis[3-(naphthalen-1-yl)thiourea] (ACH). The reference electrode was a potassium ion sensor, which acts as a pseudo-reference. Both electrodes were made from Ag/AgCl screen-print electrodes fabricated from a non-plasticized and photocurable poly(n-butyl acrylate) membrane that contained various other membrane components. The pseudo-reference potential based on the potassium ion sensor was fixed in 0.050 M KNO3, and such concentration of K+ ion did not interfere with the measurement of the Al3+ ion using the aluminium sensor. With such a pseudo-reference and in the presence of 0.050 M KNO3 as a background medium, the aluminium sensor measured changes of aluminium ion concentrations linearly from 10−6 to 10−2 M Al3+ ion with a Nernstian response of 17.70 ± 0.13 mV/decade. A low detection limit of 2.45 × 10−7 M was achieved with this all-solid-state potentiometric system. The aluminium sensor was insensitive to pH effects from 2.0 to 8.0 with a response time of less than 50 s. Under optimum conditions, a lifetime of 49 days was achieved with good sensor selectivity, reversibility, repeatability, and reproducibility. The all-solid-state electrode system was applied to analyze the Al3+ ion content of water samples from a water treatment plant. Compared with the conventional potentiometric detection system for aluminium ions, the new all-solid-state aluminium ion sensor incorporating a pseudo-reference from the potassium sensor demonstrated similar analytical performance. It thus provided a convenient means of aluminium content analysis in water treatment plants.
A screen-printed copper ion sensor with photocurable poly(n-butyl acrylate) (pBA) membrane based on ionophore o-xylylene bis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) (o-xc) was successfully fabricated. Poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)-modified Ag/AgCl screen-printed electrode was used in the development of the sensor and the sensor was characterized by potentiometric method. Optimization of pBA membrane for the electrode was carried out by varying the compositions of sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB) and o-xc to determine the best analytical performance. The addition of NaTFPB and the increment of its ratio relative to o-xc showed super-Nernstian, small linear range, and high detection limit. For sensor fabricated based on o-xc without the addition of NaTFPB, the sensor showed Nernstian response. The best optimized sensor showed Nernstian slope with 31.29 mV/decade over a wide linear range of 1.0 × 10 -2 -1.0 × 10 -6 M and low detection limit of 1.89 × 10 -7 M. The sensitivity of this sensor was also improved over the other copper ion sensors fabricated by similar photocuring technique. In addition, based on the separate solution method (SSM), this sensor exhibited good selectivity towards copper ion with low logarithm selectivity coefficient value for monovalent and divalent cations namely K Keywords: screen-printed copper ion sensor, photocurable poly(n-butyl acrylate) membrane, ionophore o-xylylene bis(N,Ndiisobutyldithiocarbamate), potentiometry Abstrak Sensor ion kuprum bercetak skrin yang berasaskan kepada ionofor o-xililen bis(N,N-diisobutilditiokarbamat) (o-xc) dalam membran terawatfoto poli(butil-akrilat) (pBA) telah dibangunkan. Sensor ion elektrod bercetak skrin Ag/AgCl terubahsuai poli(2-hidroksiletil metakrilat) (pHEMA) telah digunakan dalam pembangunan sensor dan pencirian sensor telah dijalankan melalui kaedah potensiometri. Pengoptimunan komposisi membran sensor ion pada elektrod telah dijalankan untuk menentukan prestasi analisis yang terbaik dengan mengubah komposisi sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluorometil)fenil]borat (NaTFPB) dan o-xc. Penambahan NaTFPB dan peningkatan nisbahnya terhadap o-xc dalam membran menunjukkan super-Nernstian, julat linear yang pendek dan had pengesanan yang tinggi. Sensor ion yang direka bentuk dengan menggunakan o-xc tanpa penambahan NaTFPB menunjukkan rangsangan Nernstian. Sensor ion yang terbaik menunjukkan kecerunan Nernstian iaitu 31.29mV/dekad, julat linear dari 1.0 × 10 -2 -1.0 × 10 -6 M dan had pengesanan terendah 1.89 × 10 -7 M. Kepekaan sensor yang telah dibangunkan juga adalah lebih baik berbanding dengan sensor-sensor ion kuprum lain yang telah direka bentuk melalui kaedah rawatan foto yang sama. Nilai pekali keselektifan potensiometri ditentukan dengan kaedah larutan berasingan (SSM). Sensor tersebut juga memberikan keselektifan yang baik terhadap kation pengganggu dengan menunjukkan nilai pekali logaritma keselektifan yang rendah bagi kation monovalen dan divalen seperti K
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