Objective: The study aims to review the recent data considering the expression profile and the role of microRNAs in breast tumorigenesis, and their impact on -the vital for breast cancer progression- angiogenesis. Methods: PubMed was searched for studies focused on data that associate microRNA with breast cancer, using the terms ''breast”, “mammary gland”, “neoplasia'', “angiogenesis” and ''microRNA'' between 1997-2018. Results: Aberrant expression of several circulating and tissue miRNAs is observed in human breast neoplasms with the deregulation of several miRNAs having a major participation in breast cancer progression. Angiogenesis seems to be directly affected by either overexpression or down regulation of many miRNAs, defining the overall prognostic rates. Many miRNAs differentially expressed in breast cancer that reveal a key role in suppression - progression and metastasis of breast cancer along with the contribution of the EGF, TNF-a and EGF cytokines. Conclusion Angiogenesis has proven to be vital for tumor development and metastasis while microRNAs are proposed to have multiple biological roles, including participation in immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory and recent studies reveal their implication in angiogenesis and its possible use as prognostic factors in cancer Even though larger studies are needed in order to reach safe conclusions, important steps are made that reveal the connection of serum microRNA expression to the angiogenic course of breast cancer, while miRNAs could be potential prognostic factors for the different breast cancer types.
Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) belong to the group of inflammatory muscle diseases characterized by inflammation of the muscles. These diseases are usually studied together as dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM). Regarding pregnant patients affected with DM/PM, important individual issues arise as: (1) Do female patients with DM/PM successfully complete pregnancy, giving birth to healthy infants or is there high risk of complications for both mother and fetus? (2) Is there a connection between activity of DM/PM and high risk of complications during gestation? (3) Does pregnancy increase the risk of DM/PM activation? (4) Does pregnancy increase the risk of DM/PM relapse during or right after gestation? After our attempt to answer these questions, we will refer to the treatment of the disease during pregnancy and the effect it could have on the completion of pregnancy.
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant condition with a reported incidence rate of 1 in 3000 to 5000 individuals. The majority of cases of MFS are caused by a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in Marfan syndrome. The identification of the FBN-1 mutation will help identify potentially affected family members and promote prenatal diagnostic testing. β blockers decrease myocardial contractility and pulse pressure and may also improve the elastic properties of the aorta. Angiotensin II-receptor blockers attenuate the clinical manifestations of MFS.
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