One of the fundamental research areas in wireless communications is the development of realistic models that can efficiently and accurately describe the wireless propagation channel. Most of the proposed models disregard the three dimensional character of the signal spread or use techniques with excessive computational complexity. In this paper, we develop a simple 3-D geometric scattering model for the uplink of a macrocell mobile environment that provides the statistics of Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) of the multipath components. The model extends the 2-D geometrical-based single bounce macrocell (GBSBM) model. Explicit closed-form expressions are derived for the statistics of the AoA of the multipaths in the azimuth and elevation planes. Analysis of the results exhibits the advantages of our proposal compared to 2-D and 3-D ones published in the literature. Comparisons with experimental data confirm its validity. Interesting conclusions for the effective evaluation of mobile communication systems have been derived. Moreover, an application of the model to mobile location estimation has been developed and evaluated.
The finite element method (FEM) is one of the most successful computational techniques for obtaining approximate solutions to the partial differential equations that arise in many scientific and engineering applications. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) is a software package for solving electromagnetic problems using FEM. The program addresses 2D planar and 3D axisymmetric linear and nonlinear harmonic low frequency magnetic and magnetostatic problems and linear electrostatic problems. It is a simple, accurate, and low computational cost open source product, popular in science, engineering, and education. In this paper the main characteristics and functions of the package are presented. In order to demonstrate its use and exhibit the aid it offers in the study of electromagnetics a series of illustrative examples are given. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the capability of FEMM to meet as a complementary tool the needs of science and technology especially when factors like the economic cost or the software complexity do not allow the use of commercial products.
Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) is an open source finite element analysis software package for solving electromagnetic problems. The program addresses 2D planar and 3D axisymmetric linear and nonlinear harmonic low frequency magnetic and magnetostatic problems and linear electrostatic problems. It is a simple, accurate, and low computational cost freeware product, popular in science and engineering. However its educational value has been underestimated. Use of the package in education is quite rare. The aim of this paper is to explore the capability of FEMM to meet as a complementary tool the needs of teaching electromagnetics in higher education. In order to demonstrate its use and exhibit the aid it offers in the teaching of electromagnetics illustrative examples are given. Evaluations in both qualitative and quantitative data have also been conducted and presented. Useful conclusions about its usage and potential applications in the teaching of electromagnetics in higher education are finally drawn.
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