Cervical cancer is the fourth most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide with an estimated incidence of approximately 570000 cases worldwide in 2018. Despite the advances that were made in the primary and secondary prevention strategies the last decades, its actual prevalence seems to reach a negative plateau which is attributed to the limited acceptance of vaccination as well as the resources that are available in several low income countries. In the present article we review novel biomarkers that seem to interfere in the pathophysiology of the disease and can, thus, be used as tools for the early identification of patients at risk as well as biomarkers of disease response to the various treatment strategies.
We report a rare case of a large prolapsed pedunculated uterine myoma
measuring 15cm in its greater diameter. In order to make a surgical
procedure safe and feasible, appropriate clinical predictors should be
taken into account and pre- and intraoperative preparations be available
to the surgeon’s armamentarium.
1000 mg Q6W until disease progression, discontinuation, or withdrawal.Results At this third interim analysis of GARNET, the safety population included 605 patients. irAEs were experienced by 32.2%, with 10.1% of patients experiencing grade !3 irAEs (table 1). Few, 5.5%, discontinued treatment because of an irAE. No irAEs led to death. Of patients experiencing irAEs, 64.6% were treated with immune modulatory medications (IMMs; referring to steroids, immune suppressant, and/or thyroid therapy); 58.7% of these patients experienced resolution. Average time to resolution was 69 days. For the 35.4% of patients not treated with IMMs, 56.5% experienced a resolution. Average time to resolution was 67 days. The most common irAEs were hypothyroidism (7.6%; 45 of 46 [97.8%] patients treated with thyroid therapy) and arthralgia (5.6%; 8 of 34 [23.5%] patients treated with steroids).
Purpose: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix (RMS) is a rare malignancy and occurs mainly in the first two decades of life. Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is a subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and is an aggressive malignancy that arises from embryonal rhabdomyoblasts. It is often found in the genital tract of infants and young children. Study design: we conducted a systematic review to accumulate the available evidence in the international literature. We searched Medline (1966–2021), Scopus (2004–2021), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008–2021), EMBASE (1980-2021), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999-2021), and Google Scholar (2004-2021) for relevant observational studies and case reports. Results: We retrieved 156 cases with a mean age of 24.4 years with the oldest patient at the age of 89 years and the youngest 67-day-old infant. Twenty-four patients died. Ninety-seven patients were free of disease (85%). Of those 11 (11.3%) patients died. Fifteen patients (15%) developed relapse and 13 (86.6%) of them died. In 42 cases we could not extract information concerning their survival. Discussion: The findings of our study are mainly limited to case reports and small case series, and there are no standard treatment guidelines available and no consensus on how to manage these cases. Surgery should be guided by the response to initial chemotherapy and should attempt to conserve the function of the bladder, rectum, vagina, and ovaries. As this is a disease of adolescence, fertility preservation in well-selected cases is of paramount importance.
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