In this work, the self assembly ability of chromophores covalently linked to aliphatic dipeptides is described. Altering various parameters such as the protecting group, the solvent mixture, the dipeptide and the chromophore resulted in different nanostructures.Interestingly, a peptide-porphyrin hybrid is capable of forming a hydrogel in HFIP-water solvent mixture.Living natural systems utilize self-assembly in order to fulfil their functions; thus, understanding the basic aspects of this process takes us a step closer to the comprehension of life. 1 Numerous examples in nature have inspired supramolecular scientists to synthesize molecules with self-assembling ability aiming at the construction of materials with improved properties. 2 Self-assembled architectures that mimic chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in nature are of great interest for light harvesting applications. 3 A variety of bioinspired building blocks have been explored for the fabrication of self-assembling molecules including peptides, 4,5 nucleic acids, 6,7 peptide nucleic acids, 8,9 lipids etc. Of the small peptides, diphenylalanine (FF), the basic structural motif for the Alzheimer's beta amyloid polypeptide, is an aromatic dipeptide that has been extensively investigated for its self-assembling properties. 10,11 More specifically, a great number of chromophores such as porphyrins, 12-15 boron-dipyrromethenes, 16 corroles, 17 polyoxometallates 18 and ferrocene 19 have been covalently connected to FF resulting in hybrids that retained the ability to form well-defined nanostructures. In addition, small aliphatic peptides have also been investigated for their self-assembly ability. 20 In a recent example, Yan and co-workers reported that a short peptide based on
We present the case of a 4-year-old boy who was admitted to hospital with intracranial hypertension, headache, diplopia, papilledema, and a normal brain MRI. Brucella melitensis in the cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed with PCR assay. We believe that neurobrucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis when headaches persist following brucellosis. In addition, we suggest that when cerebrospinal fluid culture is negative, PCR may prove to be an optimal alternative tool for an immediate and accurate diagnosis.
Abstract. Compiler-based error detection methodologies replicate the instructions of the program and insert checks wherever it is needed. The checks evaluate code correctness and decide whether or not an error has occurred. The replicated instructions and the checks cause a large slowdown. In this work, we focus on reducing the error detection overhead and improving the system's performance without degrading fault-coverage. DRIFT achieves this by decoupling the execution of the code (original and replicated) from the checks. The checks are compare and jump instructions. The latter ones sequentialize the code and prohibit the compiler from performing aggressive instruction scheduling optimizations. We call this phenomenon basicblock fragmentation. DRIFT reduces the impact of basic-block fragmentation by breaking the synchronized execute-check-confirm-execute cycle. In this way, DRIFT generates a scheduler-friendly code with more ILP. As a result, it reduces the performance overhead down to 1.29× (on average) and outperforms the state-of-the-art by up to 29.7% retaining the same fault-coverage. The evaluation was done on an Itanium2 by running MediabenchII and SPEC2000 benchmark suites.
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