Our results imply that omeprazole impairs production of reactive oxygen intermediates by neutrophils. Whether specific impairments of neutrophil host defenses occur in vivo remains uncertain. Reduced bactericidal activity is associated with an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in resting neutrophils.
The formation of cold agglutinins is frequently observed during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Nevertheless, severe hemolysis is exceptional. We report a case of life-threatening hemolytic anemia caused by M. pneumoniae. As the leucocyte count was excessively elevated, the differential diagnosis primarily comprised hematological malignancies. The presence of cold agglutinins indicated the correct diagnosis, which was confirmed by highly elevated levels of both IgG and IgM antibodies to M. pneumoniae and a chest X-ray suggestive of atypical pneumonia. The patient was treated with roxithromycin and showed a favorable recovery within ten days after admission. This case demonstrates that, even in patients with clinically mild pneumonia, M. pneumoniae may be the cause of severe anemia.
Objectives: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is considered the gold standard for protecting the airway. Alternative devices for airway protection have been developed that can be used by untrained personnel, by those with less experience, and for when ETI is not possible. The main goals of our study were to evaluate the success rate and speed of insertion of different supraglottic airway devices and to determine whether the devices could be properly inserted under simulated critical conditions. Methods: Fifty medical students used an airway simulation trainer (Laerdal SimMan 3G) to assess the success rate and time used to insert seven different supraglottic airway devices under simulated physiologic and pathologic conditions in two different runs. Results: Although all airway devices could be inserted without problems, only the Combitube and the EasyTube could be successfully inserted in simulations of trismus, limited mobility of the cervical spine, or a combination of pathologic conditions such as trismus plus limited mobility of the spine and trismus plus tongue edema. The insertion time was significantly longer with LMA Unique, Fastrach, and I-Gel devices in both the first and second runs. Conclusion: The Combitube and the EasyTube were most easily inserted under simulated conditions such as trismus, limited mobility of the cervical spine, and combined pathologic conditions. Although all devices are useful for establishing an airway by nontrained medical students in standard simulations, we suggest that the Combitube and the EasyTube may offer advantages in difficult airway situations.
RÉ SUMÉObjectifs: Le tube endotraché al est considé ré comme le moyen par excellence de protection des voies aé riennes. Cependant, il existe d'autres dispositifs de protection des voies aé riennes qui peuvent ê tre utilisé s par du personnel non formé ou des personnes ayant peu d'expé rience ou encore dans des cas où l'intubation endotraché ale n'est pas possible. L'é tude avait pour buts principaux d'é valuer le taux de ré ussite de la mise en place et le temps de pose de diffé rents dispositifs supraglottiques et de dé terminer si ces dispositifs pouvaient ê tre installé s correctement dans des situations d'urgence simulé es. Mé thodes: Cinquante é tudiants en mé decine ont utilisé un simulateur de voies aé riennes (Laerdal SimMan 3G) pour é valuer le taux de ré ussite de la mise en place et le temps de pose de sept dispositifs supraglottiques diffé rents, dans des é tats physiologiques et pathologiques simulé s, en deux sé ances. Ré sultats: Il a é té possible de poser tous les dispositifs sans problè me, mais seuls les tubes Combitube et EasyTube ont pu ê tre mis en place dans des é tats simulé s de trismus, de mobilité ré duite de la colonne cervicale, ou d'association d'é tats pathologiques tels que le trismus et une mobilité ré duite de la colonne cervicale ou le trismus et un oedè me de la langue. Le temps de mise en place d'autres dispositifs: le LMA Unique, le Fastrach, et l'I-Gel, é tait passablement plus long,...
A 1-h assay for antifungal susceptibility testing measuring the impairment of fungal metabolic activity was developed. Yeast viability was analyzed by flow cytometry with a novel fluorescent probe, FUN-1, which emits a red fluorescence when the yeast is metabolically active. For nine Candida albicans strains tested, this method yielded results comparable to those obtained by the standard M27 procedure for amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, and ketoconazole. Whether the flow cytometry antifungal susceptibility test results correlate with the in vivo activities of the drugs remains to determined.
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