ABSTRACT. Organic matter in the cultural layer of the ancient settlement Pesochnoe-1 near Lake Nero (NE of Moscow) yields reliable radiocarbon dates. The reason for this is the high concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the cultural layer, especially in calcined bones. Several cultural epochs are distinguished in the cultural layer consisting of more or less homogeneous habitation deposits colored with humic susbstances. Artifacts of the Ljalovo culture are found in the lower part of the cultural layer; above these, artifacts of the Volosovo culture are present, and the upper part of the cultural layer corresponds to the Textile Ceramics culture. The 14 C dates for humic substances in the layers show a good chronological stratification and correspond to known ages of these cultural stages. The 14 C dates for the Ljalovo cultural layer cover 5600-5100
In 2012, the ruins of a temple of the old Russian period were found during archaeological research in the medieval historical territory of Smolensk. The archaeological complex consists of the ruins of an ancient temple, built in the middle of the XIIth century AD, and adjacent to it from the SouthWest of the territory, which housed the remains of the market XI-turn XIII-XIV centuries AD and necropolis XIII-XVI centuries AD. Chronologically diverse use of the investigated territory up to the XVIth century AD was determined by the nearby Church. Approximately 1000 fragments of wall paintings, 5 fragments window glass and 4 glazed floor tiles were found near the ruins of the Church building. For the first time fragments of wall paintings medieval of Old Russian temple were dated by the AMS radiocarbon dating and went through chemical-technological research (analysis of the plaster foundation, the definition of used pigments) by X-RAY diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Optical microscopy also was used for visual observations of the samples of the wall painting. According to the results of the radiocarbon analysis, the fragments of the wall paintings were divided into two chronological groups. The earlier belongs to the last quarter of the XIIth-the first quarter of the XIIIth century AD. Samples of the wall paintings from the second group are dated back to the third quarter of the XIIIth century AD. A narrow range of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of fragments of the murals, obtained from carbonates due to the presence of high content of C14 isotope in carbon of the plaster, is simultaneous in age to the moment of creation of the plaster base. As a result of chemical and technological researches of the fragments of the wall paintings it was established that the plaster basis of the fragments of the wall painting consists of two layers. The plaster base contains organic binders. Chemical and technological analysis of pigments presents the following results: (1) the basis of the blue paint layer is ultramarine (mineral) and anatase (mineral); (2) the basis of the green paint layer is celadonite (mineral); (3) the basis of the brown paint layer is ochre (clay); (4) black particles in the colorful mixture of brown is an organic wood coal pigment.
A 15th century Russian icon from the Novgorod region was analyzed using both dendrochronological and radiocarbon methods [liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)]. This orthodox icon represents the Mother of God (Dexiokratusa). Fine art experts attribute the icon to between the late 14th to the early 15th centuries. The last complete tree ring was dated to AD 1409. There are indications that the trees were cut down during the summer of AD 1410. Taking into account the time for seasoning (about 8 months), the icon would have been painted in AD 1411. Wiggle-matching of the six AMS samples failed. Two of six AMS dates correspond to dendrochronological dates, while four of the six AMS dates showed differences with the dendrochronological dates by 5-39 yr. This discrepancy raises the issue of a possible regional offset from the calibration curve for the 13th century AD in NW Russia.
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