Purpose The topics “environment,” “environmental design” and “environment and behavior studies” are important and promising in architectural discourse. The academic culture of the global west plays a unique role in the development of the knowledge within the field of environmental design research (EDR), from which these concepts originate. This paper examines the western names, works and ideas related to EDR that have spread into Russian architectural discourse. The purpose of this paper is to consider the status quo of Russian knowledge of EDR and its connection with the western EDR tradition. Design/methodology/approach The method of research in this paper is the analysis of references and keywords of architectural publications from the largest Russian academic online library – e-library.ru. Findings The origin, evolution and current state of environmental architectural knowledge in Russia are discussed. Its segmentation including the presence of several self-organized spheres within the EDR domain and the variety of “dialects” of environmental language are illustrated. The connections of each segment of Russian knowledge with western authors and sources are traced. Further, conclusions are drawn regarding the similarities and differences between Russian and western knowledge in the field of EDR. Originality/value The relationship of Russian architectural theory with western EDR knowledge has not previously been the subject of a comparative scientometric study.
Today both international and national documents, regulating architectural design, impute the responsibility of the architect for the development of project briefs ("technical assignments" or "design assignments"). To what extent the status quo in Russian design institutions is in line with this prescription? How closely are our architects associated with "architectural programming", as this activity is called abroad, and how they estimate this job? In order to answer these questions, the author undertook a pilot questionnaire survey of Russian architects. Its' results are discussed in this paper. Almost all respondents are shown to participate in the development of project briefs - either by adjusting the initial data of the client, or by compiling a program "from scratch". Often this work is not paid. In half of situations, the customer does not submit even draft versions of the task to the architect, and in the rest - the format of one or two pages of text dominates. Methodically, "architectural programming" is very poorly supported, and the guidance materials available on this topic - are the latest, to which architects resort. Every second respondent agrees that "programming" is a duty of the architect and relies upon his contacts with the client and the accumulated experience in the development of project briefs. This procedure is a complex "study" rather than a technical "compilation" as it is used to be considered
This paper is about the systems of architectural knowledge in terms of their connections with strategies of urban formation. The author's concept of paradigms of socio-architectural knowledge is a theoretical basis of research. Each paradigm is a set of social models, incl. models of a human being, of life, of environment-making and others. The same approach of models analysis characterizes the social strategies of urban formation as presented in the works of Russian authors. To identify the content of social models two methods applied: conceptual and terminological analysis of texts on the platform of e-library.ru and scientometric analysis of the planning literature. Three strategies were identified and considered, urban construction, urban regulation and urban arrangement, which have proven to be more or less favorable conceptual contexts for the implementation of the socio-environmental approach to the formation of the city.
The article aims to discuss the ambiguity of the need concept in architecture, and reasons for the existence of several strategies for dealing with need as an ontological and epistemological basis for architectural design. The paper systematizes the conceptualizations of need in architecture, provides a comparative analysis of its various interpretations and explains the differences between ideological, philosophical and theoretical viewpoints. A variety of meanings are analyzed using the author?s concept of ?paradigms of socio-architectural knowledge?. Five platforms of social knowledge can be distinguished in architectural theory, each of which relies on its own understanding of human beings and sees the content of human existence in its own way. Considered through the prism of the paradigms, different visions of the concept of need find their logical and methodological explanation. Each paradigm gives its own answer to who or what is the bearer and exponent of the need, and procedures for identifying needs in design. The paper presents ?stairs of needs? as a metaphor, ordering the range of possible actions of the architect in relation to the needs of the client - from obstruction and conscious deformation to satisfaction and phenomenological embodiment.
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