The Microorganism Detection System (SDM) is a new solution using artificial intelligence, unique on the international scale, to correctly identify and count microorganisms, with particular emphasis on specificlisted microorganisms (Document of Standard PN-EN ISO 17516-2014:11) -Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. SDM enables the use of algorithms for microscopic image interpretation in the microbiological assessment of the cosmetics in accordance with the standard, providing an answer to whether the tested product complies with the standard. Apart from the software part of SDM, an integral part of the system is an innovative methodology for preparing a cosmetic sample for testing. The experiments confirm the high sensitivity and specificity of the SDM method, its repeatability and, above all, the comparability of the results with the methods of European standards.
Introduction. Estrogen deficiency found in postmenopausal women may lead to disturbances in the balance of bone metabolism. Study of the influence of estradiol on markers of bone turnover may help to understand the mechanisms of bone metabolism and to monitor osteoporosis therapy in postmenopausal women at high risk of fractures. The aim of the study was evaluation of the effect of estradiol on the basic markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Materials and method. The study was conducted in a group of 92 postmenopausal women, divided into two groups: Gr-1 with low estradiol levels ≤ 10 pg/ml and Gr-2 with reference estradiol levels ≥ 25 pg/ml). Basic markers of bone turnover were examined: Ctx (C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen alpha chain) and OC (osteocalcin); pro-resorptive cytokines: IL-6 and TNF-α; vitamin 25(OH)D3 and lipid profile. Women was also analyzed according to demographic and clinical data. Results. A positive relationship was found between estradiol and the main bone formation marker -OC (p = 0.041, r = 0.213) and IL-6, TNF-α (p = 0.007, r = 0.281 and p = 0.018, r = 0.246, respectivly, but only in the group with a reference hormone level. Moreover, the main markers of bone turnover: Ctx and OC showed a mutual positive correlation (p = 0.013; r = 0.257) in women with reference estradiol levels. Relationships between markers of bone remodeling, pro-resorptive cytokines and vitamin D3 depending on the level of estradiol showed no statistically significant correlation. Conclusions. The study showed that only in women with the reference estradiol level (≥ 25 pg/ml) were the bone formation and resorption processes balanced.
Introduction and Objective. Micropollutants (MPs) are defined as persistent and biologically-active substances which occur in the environment in trace amounts, mainly as a result of industrial processes and human domestic activity. The published experimental data prove that, among other things, MPs present in the environment may also affect and disturb hormonal balance in humans, resulting in impairment of the reproductive function. In addition to the many MPs disrupting endocrine function described in literature and which exert an effect on human reproductive function, the study presents a review of current literature concerning the exposure to Bisphenol A, phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, and pyrethroids. Review Methods. Two independent authors searched in PubMed and Google scholar (any date until September 2022) for studies concerning chosen endocrine-disrupting MPs in water and their effects on human fertility and fecundity. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The review of the literature showed that EDMs present in the environment may create risk in the prenatal and postnatal development following premature birth, and exert a negative effect on fertility and reproductive functions in humans, especially during the perinatal period. Summary. The presented review of literature indicates a negative effect of exposure to BPA, phthalates, OC and OP pesticides, as well as to pyrethroids, regarding human reproductive health. It also demonstrated considerable differences according to gender. Generally, there is a definitely stronger evidence for the presence of a cause-effect relationship between the discussed EDMs and a decreased fertility and fecundity in males. The negative effect of exposure to Bisphenol A, phthalates, selected organochlorine pesticides and pyrethroids appears to be quite well documented.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin D levels in a population of middle-aged of women residing in the southeastern part of Poland. Environmental factors (age, education, place of residence and BMI) that could affect vitamin D levels in a population of studied women were also examined. Materials and method. The study was conducted at the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland, in a study group of women aged 45-65 years from the southeastern part of the country. Serum lipids were determined using an automatic biochemistry analyzer and levels of 25(OH)D were measured using the 25OHD EIA assay Kits. Significance of the differences in quantitative characteristics was investigated using analysis of Man-Whitney test. Univariate correlations between the levels of 25(OH)D and variables were analyzed using the nonparametric Spearman test. Results. The average of 25(OH)D level in the studied participants was 25.7±14.4 ng/L; more than 59% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. In particular, the mean 25(OH)D level in group of women with vitamin D deficiency was 14.7±6.1 ng/L. The mean age of the patients was 53.9±5.2 years; average age range-45-65 years. BMI averaged 26.1 ± 4.8 kg/m 2. This was a highly educated group with an average of 12.7 ± 3.6 years of education, who lived mainly in towns (56.8%). Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency in healthy middle-aged Polish women is significantly related to BMI and education. In the general population, no significant relationship was found between environmental factors (age, education, place of residence and BMI) and vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for middle-aged women
for preparing a cosmetic sample for the development of Microorganism Detection System (SDM) software and artificial intelligence learning to recognize specific microbial species. Ann Agric Environ Med.
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