The mushroom is an important food for the rural tribal populations in Manipur, because of its high nutritional contents. In this study, we report on the nutritional profile of three wild edible mushrooms consumed by the tribal populations of Manipur viz.: Macrocybe gigantea J124; Lactifluus leptomerus J201 and Ramaria thindii J470. The studied mushrooms possess a high protein content of 37.6%, 20.8% and 16.4%, respectively. They have a high vitamin C content with low vitamin B1, B2 and folic acid. Among the three mushrooms, M. gigantea J124 possesses the highest mineral content, followed by R. thindii J470 and L. leptomerus J201. The total phenolic content of L. leptomerus J201, M. gigantea J124 and R. thindii J470 were 26.206, 29.23 and 30.99 mg GAE/g, with flavonoid content of 6.646, 6.854 and 9.187 mg quercetin/g, respectively. R. thindii J470 has the highest TPC and TFC content, which correlates with its DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values for R. thindii J470, M. gigantea J124 and L. leptomerus J201 are 242.0 µg/mL, 550.4 µg/mL and 689.0 µg/mL, respectively, which suggest that the higher content of phenolic compounds in R. thindii J470 contributes to its radical scavenging properties.
In the present study, GC-MS analyses were performed with powder samples of flower, fruit, leaf, and stem of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. collected from Thambalkhong, Imphal-East district of Manipur, a north-eastern region of India, based on the season and growth stage of the plant using the extraction method headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to study the total profile of volatile compounds. Variations were discovered in the volatile compound profiles. HS-SPME-GC-MS analyses of the plant parts detected and identified 16 to 36 compounds and found a total area percentage composition of 96.81 to 98.63%. The analysis showed that nine common compounds were detected in the studied plant parts and seasons, namely, α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, terpinolene, o-cymene, sylvestrene, eucalyptol, and caryophyllene. The monoterpenoid eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) was revealed to be the principal component with an area percentage composition of 31.02% in spring leaf to 73.16% in monsoon stem. The extraction method used in this investigation was very fast and feasible for the analysis, and the findings of the present study will help understand the mechanism behind the changes in the plant’s volatile organic compound profile and future research work for selecting aroma-rich accessions for targeted improvement of this plant.
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