Rib variations are usually incidental findings on imaging studies and are rarely symptomatic. If in adequately evaluated they are easily overlooked as most of the X-ray is aimed at evaluating the lung parenchyma. Trauma related lesions might usually be misinterpreted as rib variations and sometimes rib lesions may mimic a variant of rib and radiologists should be familiar with a number of normal variants of the ribs to avoid mistaking them for an abnormality. In this article we will discuss and illustrate variety of anatomical rib variants and their incidence in this given population. Anatomical rib variants include developmental deformities, cervical rib, Bifid (forked), fused rib and hypertrophied transverse process of C7 be used. The aim of our study is to have a comprehensive evidence-based morphological assessment of normal anatomical variations of ribs and their prevalence in this population. A Retrospective study of Chest radiographs of 1000 adults who visited our hospital for a routine check-up or for various medical examinations from September 1st 2018 to September 30th 2018, were consecutively reviewed for normal variations of rib. In our study of 1000 radiographs (Male 652 and female 348), there are 10 cervical ribs, 5 bifid ribs, 16 cases of hypertrophied transverse process and 3 fused rib. Thus in conclusion, the knowledge of incidence of normal anatomical variations of ribs and their appearance in a given population is important for radiologist as it avoids any misinterpretation of these relatively normal variants and signals a possibility of neurovascular compression if clinically relevant.
The most frequent anatomical variations of the renal arterial system are accessory renal arteries (supernumerary renal arteries) and aberrant renal arteries, which occur in varying numbers among various ethnic and racial groups. Prior to surgery, understanding these variations is crucial because it affects the decision to use donor kidneys, the planning of partial nephrectomy, and other urological procedures. Along with the main renal artery on the same side, there is also an accessory renal artery. The aberrant artery supplies the kidney without passing through the hilum, whereas the main renal artery enters the kidney through the hilum to do so. Aim: This tertiary care hospital-based study aims to know the prevalence of variations of the renal arterial system including accessory renal artery, their distribution pattern, and association with gender, age, and side predilection in population of Kancheepuram and West Chennai district of Tamil Nadu. Methodology: One hundred adults (62 males, 38 females; mean age: 45 +/-25 years) inclusive of prospective live renal donors undergoing pre-operative CT renal angiogram for operative planning and other patients undergoing CECT Abdomen for various abdomino-pelvic pathologies were selected for the study. Research Design: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Radiology, of a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. Results: Renal artery variants (including Accessory renal and aberrant renal arteries) are present in 23% of kidneys. The prevalence of renal artery variants in malesis 30%, and in females -11%. On the right side the prevalence is 60% and on the left side is 26%. The prevalence of bilateral renal artery variants is 11%.
Radiological evaluation of the parotid gland neoplasms is a major challenge for radiologists, due to the wide variety of imaging features and differential diagnosis. Though Ultrasonography (USG) combined with guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the primary diagnostic modality, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play an important role in the evaluation of patients presenting with suspected neoplastic lesions of the parotid gland. Cross-sectional imaging data of seven patients were selected and reviewed in detail. CT and MRI imaging had been done on patients referred to Radiology Department for clinically suspected parotid tumours. All of them underwent surgical excision and histopathological examination postimaging. Benign tumours usually arise from superficial lobe and exhibit strong signal intensity on T2 weighted images with well-defined margins. Lobulated margins with T2 dark rim are characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma. Hyperdense lesion with cystic changes with occasional bilateralism favour Warthin’s tumour. Most of the malignant parotid tumours involve deep lobe and appear as low signal lesion on T2 weighted imaging with ill-defined margins. Locally aggressive features like subcutaneous/deep infiltration strongly suggests malignancy. Cross-sectional imaging feature of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is variable from focally aggressive to totally aggressive tumourigenesis. Few malignant tumours like high-grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC) can show tendency towards perineural spread. Although histopathological examination is required for definitive diagnosis, few pathology-specific imaging findings on cross-sectional imaging can help in localising and characterising the parotid lesions and categorising innocuous benign from sinister malignant lesions and thus narrow down the differential diagnosis.
The most frequent anatomical variations of the renal arterial system are accessory renal arteries (supernumerary renal arteries) and aberrant renal arteries, which occur in varying numbers among various ethnic and racial groups. Prior to surgery, understanding these variations is crucial because it affects the decision to use donor kidneys, the planning of partial nephrectomy, and other urological procedures. Along with the main renal artery on the same side, there is also an accessory renal artery. The aberrant artery supplies the kidney without passing through the hilum, whereas the main renal artery enters the kidney through the hilum to do so. Aim: This tertiary care hospital-based study aims to know the prevalence of variations of the renal arterial system including accessory renal artery, their distribution pattern, and association with gender, age, and side predilection in population of Kancheepuram and West Chennai district of Tamil Nadu. Methodology: One hundred adults (62 males, 38 females; mean age: 45 +/-25 years) inclusive of prospective live renal donors undergoing pre-operative CT renal angiogram for operative planning and other patients undergoing CECT Abdomen for various abdomino-pelvic pathologies were selected for the study. Research Design: it is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Radiology, of a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. Results: Renal artery variants (including Accessory renal and aberrant renal arteries) are present in 23% of kidneys. The prevalence of renal artery variants in malesis 30%, and in females -11%. On the right side the prevalence is 60% and on the left side is 26%. The prevalence of bilateral renal artery variants is 11%.
Rib variations are usually incidental ndings on imaging studies and are rarely symptomatic. If in adequately evaluated they are easily overlooked as most of the X-ray is aimed at evaluating the lung parenchyma. Trauma related lesions might usually be misinterpreted as rib variations and sometimes rib lesions may mimic a variant of rib and radiologists should be familiar with a number of normal variants of the ribs to avoid mistaking them for an abnormality. In this article we will discuss and illustrate variety of anatomical rib variants and their incidence in this given population. Anatomical rib variants include developmental deformities, cervical rib, Bid (forked), fused rib and hypertrophied transverse process of C7 be used. The aim of our study is to have a comprehensive evidence-based morphological assessment of normal anatomical variations of ribs and their prevalence in this population. A Retrospective study of Chest radiographs of 1000 adults who visited our hospital for a routine check-up or for various medical examinations from September 1st 2018 to September 30th 2018, were consecutively reviewed for normal variations of rib.In our study of 1000 radiographs (Male 652 and female 348), there are 10 cervical ribs, 5 bid ribs, 16 cases of hypertrophied transverse process and 3 fused rib. Thus in conclusion,the knowledge of incidence of normal anatomical variations of ribs and their appearance in a given population is important for radiologist as it avoids any misinterpretation of these relatively normal variants and signals a possibility of neurovascular compression if clinically relevant.
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