Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common occurring cancer type worldwide and 6th most common among the cancer related deaths of which the most common type is squamous cell carcinoma which comprise about 90% of esophageal cancer cases. The standard of care for esophageal cancer is neoadjuvant concurrent chemotherapy and radiation (NACRT) followed by surgery however the prognosis remains dismal with 5 year survival a meager 10-15%. The treatment modalities for esophageal cancer is associated with both long term and short term toxicities. Curcumin has been explored as a therapeutic modality as a chemo adjuvant in different cancers due to its low toxicity profile and potent anticancer effect however despite lot of promising preclinical data it has not progressed from bench side to bed side. The primary reason that has obstructed its application in clinic has been its low bioavailability which was seen in different clinical trials but there has been tremendous progress in developing formulations of curcumin which have significantly increased its bioavailability and are being tested in clinical trials. Esophageal cancer is associated with inflammation that’s why curcumin being a natural antioxidant offer a potential avenue to reduce toxicity of current therapeutic modalities in a chemo adjuvant setting while simultaneously targeting different pro oncogenic pathways. The present review tries to cover in depth different aspects of curcumin application in treatment of esophageal cancer and progress of this potent anticancer agent in its treatment and prevention.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel human coronavirus. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020 for its continuous and rapid spread worldwide. Rapidly emerging COVID-19 epicenters and mutants of concerns have created mammoth chaos in healthcare sectors across the globe. With over 185 million infections and approximately 4 million deaths globally, COVID-19 continues its unchecked spread despite all mitigation measures. Until effective and affordable antiretroviral drugs are made available and the population at large is vaccinated, timely diagnosis of the infection and adoption of COVID-appropriate behavior remains major tool available to curtail the still escalating COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an updated overview of various techniques of COVID-19 testing in human samples and also discusses, in brief, the biochemical composition and mode of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. Technological advancement in various molecular, serological and immunological techniques including mainly the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), CRISPR, lateral flow assays, and immunosensors are reviewed.
Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women amongst all cancers. Mangiferin is a plant natural polyphenol of C-glycosylxanthone structure and various pharmacological activities. It can be found in many plant species, among which the mango tree (Mangifera indica) is one of the primary sources. Several studies indicated also its ability to inhibit carcinogenesis and cancer cells growth by apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. Methods: HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines HeLa, CaSki and SiHa were cultured in DMEM/RPMI media respectively, supplemented with 10% FBS in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C. They were treated with 5 and 10μg/ml Mangiferin for 24 hrs. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometery and TUNEL assay. Expression of various proteins levels were assessed by western blotting while caspase -3 and -9 activation was measured by fluorimetry. Results: Mangiferin induced dose dependent cytotoxicity in both HPV 16 and HPV 18 positive cell line. Mangiferin repressed activation of NFkB Transcription factor. The observed apoptosis was caspase dependent. Caspase dependent apoptosis was mediated through mitochondrial intrinsic pathway involving release of cytochrome c with increase in level of proapoptotic Bax and decrease in levels of Antiapoptotic Bcl XL. Mangiferin also repressed activation of NFkB Transcription factor and its nuclear translocation. Mangiferin also repressed the level of E6 oncoproteins. Conclusion: The present study establishes the potency of Mangiferin as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in female cancers as it targets cervical cancer cells by repression of NFkB transcription factor and inducing dose dependent cytotoxicity. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C21. Citation Format: Komal Komal, Mayank Singh, Alpana Sharma, Vishal Deshwal. Molecular mechanism of Mangiferin induced cytotoxicity in cervical carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C21.
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