BACKGROUNDThe aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in the diagnosis of acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament tears. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective analysis of MRI findings in 331 patients with knee joint injuries was done in a period of 18 months. MRI examination was performed on 1.5 T applying standard protocols (FSE proton density sagittal, SE coronal T2 fat suppression sequence, SE proton density axial with fat suppression). All patients had preliminary plain radiographs of knee joints also. Arthroscopy correlation was done in patients who have significant tears. RESULTSWe reviewed the various imaging features of ACL tears on MRI examination and their significance with clinical correlation. Out of 331 cases, 122 (36.8%) have varying types of ACL injuries. CONCLUSIONACL injuries are more common in males in the present study with peak age incidence of 20-30 years. Cases of ACL tears-36.8% (122 out of 331). Sex ratio=M:F=308:23=13.4:1.

BACKGROUND Arachnoid cysts of spinal cord are relatively uncommon lesions. Most of them arise dorsal to the cord, and anteriorly placed intradural arachnoid cyst is a rare cause of cervical cord compression. To the best of our knowledge, only 30 cases were reported in the literature. We present a case of anterior cervical intradural arachnoid cyst with review of literature. METHODS We performed a literature search for anteriorly placed intradural arachnoid cysts in the cervical spinal cord through http://pubmed.com, a well-known worldwide internet medical address. To the best of our knowledge, only 30 cases were reported in the literature. We reviewed the literature with illustration of our case. We present a case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with insidious onset of radicular pain. MRI cervical spine demonstrated cervical intradural cystic lesion extending from C2 to upper border of C4, lying anteriorly with compression over the cord. Cervical laminectomy followed by wide cyst fenestration and subtotal excision of cyst was done. Histopathological diagnosis was arachnoid cyst. RESULTS Patient totally recovered from his pain and sensory symptoms within a week and motor symptoms improved gradually over a period of six to eight weeks. With two years followup, patient had no further complaints. CONCLUSION Anterior cervical intradural arachnoid cysts are rare. These are amenable to resection through posterior approach safely with good postoperative recovery.

The objective was to evaluate functional outcome and complication of Ilizarov compression osteogenesis done for non-unions and infected non-unions. This study is chosen as non-union and infected non-union tibia is common and difficult to treat. METHODS This study of Ilizarov for non-union tibia was done between 1999-2014 at Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad; following Grade IIIa and IIIb open tibial fractures, with or without soft tissue loss. The study group consisted 43 patients between 20 to 70 yrs. RESULTS Out of 43 cases in study group, atrophic non-union accounted for two thirds of cases, infected non-union one third of cases. Union rate is 97%. CONCLUSION Non-union tibia is common in young males due to road traffic accidents. It is always a challenge for an orthopaedic surgeon to treat this subcutaneous bone. Ilizarov osteogenesis is a better method in these cases as they are compounded by deformity, bone loss, infection and soft tissue atrophy and we can control many variables as and when required during the followup period without much damage to soft tissue.

Eighteen animals with various surgical conditions were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. Group II animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and dexmedetomidine at 5 µg/kg b.wt in the sacrococcygeal space. Group III animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and clonidine @ 2 µg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. The fastest onset of analgesia was produced by ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination followed by ropivacaine-clonidine. RT showed non significant decrease in all groups during post epidural analgesia. A non significant increase in RR was observed in cattle following ropivacaine and ropivacaine-clonidine epidural analgesia. Where as a non significant fall in RR was noticed during ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination. A non significant increase in HR was recorded after epidural administration of ropivacaine in group I animals. Whereas group II and III animals showed a non significant decrease in HR throughout the period of study. ECG studies did not reveal any abnormalities except sinus arrhymia in all animals. In group I and III non significant increase in Hb and PCV was observed in the present study. Non significant decrease in Hb and PCV values were recorded in animals subjected to ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine analgesia. A non significant increase in AST, ALT was noticed in all groups of animals. The study suggests that dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant than clonidine in epidural analgesia as far as cardio-respiratory and Haemato-biochemical parameters are concerned.