The use of piled raft foundation in building and infrastructure constructions is increasingly popular because of its effectiveness in reducing overall and differential settlements. Parameters influencing the performance of the piled raft foundation need to be comprehended in order to optimize the design of the piled raft system. Most of the current available literature focused on the piled raft foundation subjected to a uniform distributed load in sandy material. This parametric study aims to provide insights into the performance of the piled raft foundations subjected to concentrated loading in clay. A series of 2D finite element analyses were performed to investigate the influencing parameters affecting the load distribution and settlement behaviour of the piled raft. The results suggested that increases in both pile length and raft thickness, as well as a decrease in pile spacing would reduce the differential settlement of the piled raft. Comparatively, raft thickness was the most significant controlling parameter affecting the differential settlement. The study also revealed the importance of placing the pile nearer to the location of concentrated load as it would yield a more uniform load distribution, and hence a lower differential settlement.
Pile/soil setup effect is a natural phenomenon where pile load capacity increases over time as the results of dissipation of pore-water pressure and soil aging. The magnitude of pile/soil setup is governed by three main factors, i.e. pile slenderness ratio, elapsed time and type of surrounding soil. In this study, empirical correlations were established based on data compiled from previous case studies. Two forms of empirical equations were proposed to predict the pile/soil setup effect subjected to different slenderness ratios and elapsed times. The proposed equations were subsequently verified by actual field data collected from two sites in Malaysia. Results showed that 80% of the pile capacities increased by 1.150-1.875 times per log time cycle. Piles in fine-grained soils generally exhibited a greater pile/soil setup effect than coarse-grained soils.
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