Traditionally, the 'yips' has been known as a movement disorder observed when a golfer is putting (e.g., [1]) and according to a survey that McDaniel, et al. [1] conducted on 1050 golfers, there was a 42% response rate and 28% reported that they had experienced the yips. Furthermore, according to a survey that Smith, et al. [2] conducted on 1031 golfers, 541 (52%) responded that they had experienced the yips in the past. On the other hand, baseball players also suffer from the yips in the same way[3, 4]. Commonly noted characteristics of the yips include a sudden inability to perform a previously natural action or motion [2], an inability to control one's own body as intended [5], and chronic or perpetual symptoms [6, 7]. As reported in baseball, the yips primarily manifests in actions like pitching and throwing the ball [8]. Therefore, previous studies on the yips in baseball players have used special terminology such as "psychogenetic
the yips are the loss of automated and finely controlled motor behavior in sport, affecting many golfers. Although studies have examined their causes and treatment, the social and psychological factors that contribute to their duration in golfers remain unknown. this study examined whether overcommitment and social support are related to prolonged symptoms of yips. Participants included 54 yips-affected golfers who completed measures to identify those who were overcommitted and explore their experiences with the yips and social support. Although there was a significant relationship between prolonged symptoms of the yips and overcommitment, social support was not related to its duration. these results contribute to the understanding of the prolongation of the yips in golfers and may apply to players in other sports.
The present study aimed to explore the psychological growth achieved by athletes during coping with the yips. We interviewed six university baseball players (mean age=21.0 years, SD=1.15 years) who experienced the yips using the episode interview method and then gathered narrative data related to the experience of the yips or the psychological growth accompanying the same. As a result of analysis of the data, it was roughly divided into two types of narratives: narratives of negative psychological changes accompanying the experience of the yips and narratives of psychological growth accompanying the experience of the yips. Further analysis of the latter yielded the following five category groups on psychological growth: positive changes in consciousness of competition, changes in self-recognition, mental margin, changes in the views of a way of others, and deepening of understanding of competition. These results suggest that the experience of the yips leads to negative as well as positive psychological changes in the athlete.
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the development of the yips in baseball, overcommitment to sport, and resilience. Participants: 482 Japanese baseball players who belonged to a university baseball team (mean age = 19.43 years, SD = 1.00) were included in the analysis. A face sheet, a questionnaire on the yips, the scale of overcommitment to sport, and the Bidimensional Resilience Scale. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the extent, to which overcommitment and resilience predicted the presence or absence of developing the yips in baseball. The results indicated the overcommitment was significant but the two factors of resilience, namely, innate resilience and acquired resilience were not significant. Thus, it is possible that the higher the tendency of overcommitment to baseball, the higher the possibility of developing the yips. It is recommended that a longitudinal study be conducted to examine what factors are involved in the process in depth. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the development of the yips in baseball, overcommitment to sport, and resilience. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that while overcommitment was significant in the development of the yips, innate and acquired resilience were not. It is recommended that a longitudinal study be conducted to examine what factors are involved in the process in depth.
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