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CWS had significantly longer patency than DLS for the management of PHC with obstructive jaundice. The incidence of complications other than stent occlusion was higher in CWS, but this difference did not reach significance.

Although WA colonoscopy did not improve the polyp detection, next-generation NBI colonoscopy represents a significant improvement in the detection of colonic polyps.

Endoscopists who do not allot adequate examination time may overlook neoplastic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

S U M M A R YLower to Middle Cretaceous red sandstones were sampled at four localities in the LanpinSimao fold belt of the Shan-Thai Block to describe its regional deformational features. Most of the samples revealed a characteristic remanent magnetization with unblocking temperatures around 680 • C. Primary natures of magnetization are ascertained through positive fold test. A tilt-corrected formation-mean direction for the Jingdong (24.5 • N, 100.8 • E) locality, which is located at a distance of 25 km from the Ailaoshan-Red River Fault, revealed northerly declination with steep inclination (Dec./Inc. = 8.3 • /48.8 • , α 95 = 7.7 • , N = 13). However, mean directions obtained from the Zhengyuan (24.0 • N, 101.1 • E), West Zhengyuan (24.0 • N, 101.1 • E) and South Mengla (21.4 • N, 101.6 • E) localities indicate an easterly deflection in declination; such as Dec./Inc. = 61.8 • /46.1 • , α 95 = 8.1 • (N = 7), Dec./Inc. = 324.2 • /−49.4 • , α 95 = 6.4 • (N = 4) and Dec./Inc. = 51.2 • /46.4 • , α 95 = 5.6 • (N = 13), respectively. The palaeomagnetic directions obtained from these four localities are incorporated into a palaeomagnetic database for the Shan-Thai Block. When combined with geological, geochronological and GPS data, the processes of deformation in the Shan-Thai Block is described as follows: Subsequent to its rigid block clockwise rotation of about 20 • in the early stage of India-Asia collision, the Shan-Thai Block experienced a coherent but southward displacement along the Red River Fault prior to 32 Ma. This block was then subjected to a north-south compressive stresses during the 32-27 Ma period, which played a key role in shaping the structure of Chongshan-Lancang-Chiang Mai Belt. Following this some local clockwise rotational motion has occurred during the Pliocene-Quaternary time in central part of the Shan-Thai Block as a result of internal block movements along the reactivated network of faults.

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BackgroundUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection (U-EMR) has emerged as an alternative technique for the resection of colorectal lesions. This study aimed to evaluate our initial experience using U-EMR.MethodsThis is a single-center, retrospective case series study. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of consecutive patients who underwent U-EMR in our endoscopy center, from December 2015 to February 2017.ResultsOur analysis included 64 lesions, contributed by 38 patients, with a mean age of 68.6 years (range, 25 to 90 years). The study sample included 33 right-sided and 25 left-sided colon lesions, and seven rectal lesions, with an average size of 16.2 mm (6 - 40 mm). Of these, 46 lesions were polypoid and 18 ones non-polypoid. Histologically, 31 lesions were low-grade adenomas, eight ones were high-grade adenomas, 11 were mucosal cancers, four were submucosal cancers, and 10 were classified as “others”. En bloc resection was achieved in 52 (81%) lesions, with an en bloc resection rate of 95% for lesions < 20 mm and 55% for lesions ≥ 20 mm. Complete resection of neoplastic epithelial lesions, defined by a negative pathological margin, was achieved in 32 of 59 neoplastic epithelial lesions (54%). We identified three cases (5%) of post-procedural bleeding and one case of perforation (2%).ConclusionsU-EMR can be feasibly used for resection of colonic lesions, including lesions ≥ 20 mm, although the en bloc resection rate for these lesions was lower than for lesions < 20 mm.

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