We demonstrated anionic sites on the lateral wall of cochlear duct and Reissner's membrane (RM) of ICR mice by Lowicryl K4M resin post-embedding and poly-L-lysine-colloidal gold conjugate (PL-CG) as a polycationic probe. The basement membrane and endolymphatic cell surface of RM were labeled with PLCG pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. However, the perilymphatic cell surface was not labeled. PI.-CG pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 strongly labeled the endolymphatic surface of the spiral prominence epirhelium (SP), whereas the endolymphatic surface of the marginal cell (MC) in the stria vascularis was not labeled. Predigestion with several glycosidases eliminated PGCG labeling. Our result suggests that an anionic charge located on the basement membrane of RM is largely due to the presence of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
Nystagmus is an important clinical finding in patients with neurologic and neurootologic diseases. However, the clinical significance of nystagmus has not yet been well evaluated in psychiatric patients with functional/organic brain dysfunction. In the present study, we performed gaze, positional and positioning nystagmus tests in 144 patients with psychiatric diseases (101 men; 61.0 13.0 years) in order to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of nystagmus in these patients. Patients were classified according to the underlying diseases. Nystagmus was seen in 41 (28.5%) out of the 144 cases. Nystagmus was seen in 15 (62.5%) of the 24 cases of alcoholism, 9 (27.3%) of the 33 with organic psychiatric disorders, 16 (20.5%) of the 78 with schizophrenia, 1 (25.0%) out of the 4 with mental retardation, 0 (0.0%) out of the 4 with mood disorders, and 0 (0.0%) out of the 1 with anxiety disorders. These results suggest that nystagmus may be a very important clinical finding not only in patients with neurologic and neuro-otologic diseases, but also in patients with psychiatric diseases.
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