A regular method of deriving the goveming adiabatic Liauvillean on a lattice for a many-body system of locally and instantaneously recombining particles in reaction A+ 8 + O is described. When the rate U ofthe recombination tends to infmity, U -m , the local reaction Liouvillean is shown to be replaced with a non-local operator involving renormalized matrix elements which are proportional to (slow) diffusive jump rates.Properties of the new Liouvillean are described. Quantum field formalism is employed.
SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new robust feedforward tracking servo system for optical disk recording systems in the case of a sudden disturbance for the optical disk recording system. In optical recording systems, the tracking servo system must suppress tracking error below its tolerance. This paper designs the robust feedback control system by using the coprime factorization and disturbance observer. The proposed robust feedback control system suppresses the sudden disturbance caused by walking and running. The detecting signal of optical disk recording systems is only a tracking error. Hence, the feedforward controller of the proposed tracking control system is constructed based on both Zero Phase Error Tracking (ZPET) control theory and prediction of tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a quick and precise tracking response and keeps the residual tracking error below its tolerance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.