The growth of platinum particle supported on an acetylene black was investigated fundamentally using a potential perturbation method in phosphoric acid at 205°C and atmospheric pressure. Platinum particles in a colony were agglomerated to form one particle depending on the potential of the electrode and number of particles in the colony. Platinum dissolution and redeposition were considered to be the main reasons for the agglomeration.
High fuel efficiency and clean exhaust gas are the two most important requirements in hydrazine‐air fuel cells. Four anodes of sintered nickel plaque were studied for these purposes, each one containing either cobalt, nickel, palladium, silver, or platinum as a catalyst. Exhaust gases were determined with a gas chromatograph, the consumption of hydrazine in the anolyte was analyzed chemically, and fuel efficiencies and unreacted product gases were evaluated based on these data. Consequently with the silver catalyzed electrode, 97% fuel efficiency was attained at 50 mA/cm2 at 25°C.
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes were prepared on the outer surface of porous ceramic tubes using a lignin-based material, organosolvelignin, and a phenol resin, Bellpeal-S899, as precursors. Higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher hydrogen selectivity over oxygen or other larger gases, but hydrogen permeance decreased significantly. On the contrary, addition of a small amount of iron(III) acetate basic to the precursors improved the hydrogen selectivity but maintained the hydrogen permeance. Addition of iron compound to the precursor strongly reduced the permeances of nitrogen and methane through the resulting CMS membranes. Distribution of iron in the carbon matrix was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The influence of aging on the membrane permeance was also studied. The results suggest the possibility to tune the size of ultra-micro-pores in CMS membranes using additives.
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