Abstract. Rosehip, the fruit of Rosa canina L., has traditionally been used to treat urate metabolism disorders; however, its effects on such disorders have not been characterized in detail. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of hot water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of rosehip on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in vitro. In addition, the serum urate lowering effects of the rosehip hot water extract in a mouse model of hyperuricemia (male ddY mice, which were intraperitoneally injected with potassium oxonate) were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of rosehip hot water extract on CYP3A4 activity, which is the most important drug-metabolizing enzyme from a herb-drug interaction perspective, was investigated. Rosehip extracts of hot water, ethanol and ethyl acetate inhibited XO activity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values: 259.6±50.6, 242.5±46.2 and 1,462.8±544.2 µg/ml, respectively]. Furthermore, the administration of 1X rosehip hot water extract significantly reduced the levels of serum urate at 8 h, which was similar when compared with the administration of 1 mg/kg allopurinol. Rosehip hot water extract only marginally affected CYP3A4 activity (IC 50 value, >1 mg/ml). These findings indicate that rosehip hot water extract may present as a functional food for individuals with a high urate level, and as a therapeutic reagent for hyperuricemic patients.
Gelatin can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to yield collagen hydrolysates potentially applicable in the food industry. When collagen hydrolysates are ingested, several di-and tri-peptides (collagen peptide, CP) with various physiological activities are detected in human blood. We investigated whether CPs exert trophic effects on the differentiation of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGC), using the MTT assay. Addition of specific tripeptides (TP-X) contained in the collagen hydrolysate in differentiating CGC cultures prevented extensive neuronal degeneration, which was observed in growth media containing low potassium (15 mM, K15). When CGC was cultured in K15, the cell viability was 64.4% relative to high potassium (25 mM) at 7 days in vitro. Under this condition, TP-X (10 μM) increased cell survival up to 76.6%. The effect was similar to the neuroprotective effect resulting from supplementation with 100 ng/mL brain-derived neurotrophic factor (76.5%) or 100 μM N-methyl-Daspartate (97.2%). Currently, the mechanism underlying TP-X-mediated neuronal survival is unclear. Various functions of CP in skin, cartilage, and bone have been reported previously, and the present study further suggests a new possibility of improvement of cranial nerve function upon treatment with CP.
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