Background: Sepsis is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Sepsis causes approximately 1 million new-born deaths annually. The global prevalence of maternal sepsis is 4.4% causing more than 5.7 million cases and one tenth of maternal deaths annually. Skin preparation, shaving and wound closure were some factors involved in surgical site infections. But the technique of wearing gloves in a sterile way has not received enough attention. Hence this cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the awareness and proficiency in this technique among the residents.Methods: 104 post graduate students from the departments of General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Anaesthesiology from two medical colleges were administered a questionnaire and also were observed one at a time with a checklist in an OSCE station. Study was conducted in several sessions over a period of 2 months.Results: None of them were formally taught this technique. 36 (34.56%) were informally taught by seniors. 7 (6.72%) tore the glove while wearing. 39 (37.44%) put two fingers in one finger space. 42 (40.32%) touched bare skin with gloved hands while wearing. 54 (51.84%) touched bare skin with used surface of the glove while removing.Conclusions: Awareness about technique and skill of donning sterile gloves among residents of various specialities are not satisfactory. It is recommended to teach this skill as soon as the students enter medical school in a strict and formal way and monitor their proficiency throughout their training period.
Background: Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a common chronic disorder, characterized by alterations of selective permeability at the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. Urinary nitrite excretion serves as a useful investigation in differentiating between steroid responsive and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between urinary nitrite levels and steroid responsiveness in nephrotic syndrome in children.Methods: 76 children were enrolled in the study suffering with nephrotic syndrome of which 58 children were Steroid Sensitive (SSNS) and 18 were Steroid Resistant (SRNS). 25 children were enrolled as controls. The urinary nitrites were estimated in these subjects and the results were analyzed.Results: All the control subjects were tested negative for urinary nitrites. After achieving remission with steroids, out of 58 SSNS subjects’ 27 subjects tested positive for urinary nitrites, remaining 31 tested negatives for the same. Of the 18 SRNS subjects 1 subject tested positive for urinary nitrites remaining 17 subjects were tested negative for the same.Conclusions: The findings of present study suggest that urinary nitrite excretion is increased in patients with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome. The urinary nitrite estimation has low NPV and high PPV in predicting steroid responsiveness.
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