et al., 2021). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause in the etiology of cervical cancer in Thai patients, particularly type 16 and 18 (Siriaunkgul et al., 2008). The oncoprotein E6 and E7, encoded by HPV early genes in the E region, are involved in viral replication and host cell transformation (Moody and Laimins, 2010). The repression of the E6 protein has been demonstrated to activate the p53 pathway and trigger both the senescence and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells (DeFilippis et al., 2003). Cervical cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In addition to well-established risk factors related
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