The study was aimed at finding out the changes occurred in different aspects of socioeconomic conditions of the framers due to adoption of rice production technologies. For the present study data were collected from 90 randomly selected farmers in three villages of Gourdwer union under Nakla upazila of Sherpur district with the help of interview schedule. Correlation and t-test were used to ascertain the relationship between the concerned dependent and independent variables. Findings revealed that about 51 percent of the farmers had medium adoption while 33 percent had high adoption of rice production technologies. Correlation analysis indicates that education, annual income showed significant positive relationships, and age and family size of the farmers showed significant negative relationships with their adoption of rice production technologies. Besides farm size did not show any significant relationship with their adoption. Findings also showed a significant increase in annual income (from Tk.88.82 thousand to Tk.109.26 thousand), food consumption expenditure (from Tk.17.35 thousand to Tk.20.41 thousand), housing environment (scores rose to 14.22 from 7.82) and family status of the framers (scores increased from 19.46 to 27.82). The differences between before and after changes in income, expenditure, housing environment score and family status score were statistically significant.

Conclusion : Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair of inguinal hernia is a simple, safe, comfortable, effective method .Tension free repair using synthetic meshes have been reported to result in better patient comfort and lower recurrence rates compared with the conventional procedures like Shouldice's or Bassini's operation 2-4 . Therefore it is the preferred method for hernia repair since 1994.

No abstract

Objectives: To see the hearing outcomes following Type III tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting after canal wall down mastoidectomy and find out the recurrence rates in patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: This prospective observational study includes 120 cases undergoing Type III tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting following canal wall down mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at a tertiary care center from 2018 to 2020. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, diagnosis, and operative details. Patients were included in statistical analysis if they were found to have undergone the aforementioned procedure. Evaluation of hearing improvement was made by comparing preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) and ABG at follow-up at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were included for this study. Erosion of the otic capsule, posterior fossa plate, or tegmen was noted in 20% of cases, highlighting disease severity. One hundred and two (85%) had undergone prior otologic surgery. Mean time to short-term follow-up was 6 ± 3 months. The average short-term ABG was 25 ± 12 dB HL; 36% achieved an ABG <20 dB and thirteen had follow-up at least 1 year postoperatively (mean = 33 ± 16 months). At longer-term follow-up, mean ABG was 24 ± 11 dB HL. Hearing remained stable over time (P = .26). Conclusion: In some patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy for advanced or recurrent cholesteatoma, Type III tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting yields marginal hearing benefit. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 145-151