Background: Oxidative stress is imbalance between aggressive and defensive system. Overproduction of oxidative stress contribute in pathogenesis of many diseasesincluding Parkinsonism, Alzheimer diseases, apoptosis, hepatic fibrosis ,chronic kidney failure and liver steatosis etc . There are several OTC drugs including NSAIDs that generate oxidative stress when administered. So there is a need to explore about these drugs. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress potential of Acetaminophen, acetyl salicylic acid and Celecoxib NSAIDs. Objective: The present study is design to investigate the oxidative stress of NSAIDs of acetaminophen, aspirin and Celecoxib drug with reference to the hydrogen peroxide. Material and method: The Experimental protocol was designed for estimate the level of oxidative stress in NSAIDs treated animals against hydrogen peroxides. Animal of control group received only vehicle throughout experimental protocol. Rats of AAP group, ASA group ,CX group were exposed to acetaminophen (150mg/kg; orally) acetyl salicylic acid (300mg/kg ;orally) and Celecoxib (50mg/kg; orally) for forty two days . Rodent of HP group were challenged with Hydrogen peroxides (0.5%) with same schedule as above. At end of experimental protocols, all the animals were sacrificed and their organ were identified and collected for oxidative stress estimation and histological examination. Result: NSAIDs administration caused increase in oxidative stress measured in terms of SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH and GPx. HP administration produced maximum oxidative stress compare to all other groups. Oxidative parameter i.e. SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were found to be decreased as compare to control rats. However MDA were found to be increased as compare to control rats. Additionally, CX produced less oxidative stress compare to other NDAIDs. Further, histological examinations support the biochemical results. Conclusion: From the above observations it can be concluded that NSAIDs have oxidative stress potential and generate oxidative stress and damage the organs when administrated chronically. Thus, these drugs should be used judiciously.
Experiment was conducted to analyse maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme compound at two leaf stages, under normal irrigation (IRR) and water deficit stress (WDS) condition. WDS was induced by withholding irrigation water for three days in seven-day old seedlings grown in pots. The hybrids exhibited wide variability in their antioxidant pools combined with activities of enzymes involved in defence against oxidative stress. The results showed that antioxidant activity was higher in tolerant hybrids than the susceptible hybrids. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in susceptible hybrids under IRR, whereas it decreased significantly under WDS. On the other hand, peroxidase activity was increased almost two folds in all the tolerant hybrids. Under WDS, glutathione reductase activity increased in all the hybrids except VIVEKHYD-9, whereas the increase was highest, i.e.37.4% in tolerant than the susceptible hybrids. Catalase activity increased 56% in tolerant hybrid, whereas a decrease of about 30% was recorded in susceptible under WDS. Also, ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in tolerant hybrids and decreased in susceptible hybrids under WDS. In response to WDS, glutathione content (GSH) decreased 11% in tolerant while increased 55% in susceptible hybrids. Increase in GSH content was highest (100%) in HQPM-7 followed by NK-6240 (56%). In general, ascorbic acid content increased under WDS in both tolerant and susceptible hybrids, however the increase was higher in tolerant (80%) than susceptible (45%). Among the hybrids, highest increase was recorded in PRAKASH (99%) and lowest in VIVEKHYD-9 (29%), thus PRAKASH seems to be drought tolerant while VIVEKHYD-9 is drought susceptible. Thus status of antioxidant enzymes in maize hybrids could be evaluated with the drought tolerance during different stages of development and growth and could be used in developing climate resilient maize hybrids.
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