Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Abstract: Soundscape research represents a paradigm shift from noise control policies towards a new multidisciplinary approach as it involves not only physical measurements but also the cooperation of humanity and social sciences to account for the diversity of soundscapes across countries and cultures, with more focus on how people actually experience the acoustic environments; and it considers environmental sounds as a 'resource' rather than a 'waste'. The ten questions presented in this paper range from the very basic definitions underlying the emerging soundscape 'science', to more applied topics about how to use soundscape as a design approach for the planning and management of the built environments. Although significant research activity has been conducted so far, there is still a need to systematically provide the underpinning science and practical guidance in soundscaping. Thus, the last question aims to identify the most crucial gaps in soundscape research and set the agenda for future advancements in the field.

The sound quality of vehicle interior noise has become a very important task for the acoustic engineers since more than 20 years. As vehicles become more and more quiet, the customer's sensitiveness for the acoustical comfort increases. On the one hand, no disturbing noises should be heard and on the other hand, the perceived sound quality, for example from the powertrain, should fulfill the expectations of the listener with respect to the sound design. The development of a good sound quality is in conflict with other targets. The development time of a new car has to be reduced and the production costs have to be lower, the total weight of the car should not increase-without any negative influence on the sound quality. For the acoustical engineer it becomes important to know what kind of tools are available to measure, to analyse and to describe sound quality on the one hand and how to improve it on the other hand.

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Noise is defined as an audible sound which either disturbs the silence or an intentional sound listening or leads to annoyance. Thus, it is clearly defined that an assignment of noise can not be reduced to simple determining objective parameters like the A-weighted SPL. The question whether a sound is judged as noise can only be made after the transformation from the sound event into an hearing event has been accomplished. The evaluation of noise depends on the physical characteristics of the sound event, on the psychoacoustical features of the human ear as well as on the psychological aspects of men. The subjectively felt noise quality does not only depend on the A-weighted sound pressure level, but also on other psychoacoustical parameters such as loudness, roughness, sharpness, etc. The known methods for the prediction of the spatial A-weighted SPL distribution in dependence on the propagation are not suitable to predict psychoacoustic parameters in an adequate way. Especially the roughness provoked by modulation or the sharpness generated by an accumulation of high frequent sound energy cannot offhanded be predicted distance-dependent.