The article is focused on the international competitive position of V4 countries in the foreign trade of agri-food industry products. The V4 countries' accession to the EU significantly changed exporters and importers' situation in these countries, providing them with better access to numerous markets. Integrating them into the single internal market area promoted trade and resulted in an increase of intra-EU exports and imports. The agri-food products market strongly benefited from such an opportunity, which was significantly limited before 2004 by duties and quotas. The article presents changes in international trade in agri-food products in the V4 countries and their competitiveness. We employ share of the analyzed country in global exports (EMS), import-export coverage (TC), revealed comparative advantages (RCA), and the intensity of intra-industry trade Grubel-Lloyd Index (GL) to assess the competitiveness. Our results show that Poland performed the best in international trade in agri-food products among the V4 countries. The result was confirmed by partial indicators and the total competitiveness index.
The goal of the article is to provide an overview of the food security state in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries and to identify the basic factors of security. The study is based onThe Global Food Security Index (GFSI). The most important food-monitoring organizations such as the UN FAOSTAT, the IMF, the FAO, the World Health Organization, and the World Bank served as the data source. The target V4 countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia) were evaluated by the time series that covered the years 2012-2021 (some analyses end in 2020 due to a lack of data). We employed the basic methods of statistical analysis of data, i.e.Pearson's correlation, trend lines, and dynamics indicators. The analysis indicated that there was a significant and not always positive development. The most positive dynamics were seen in the Availability factor of GFSI, unlike the Quality and safety which showed a decrease mainly in the case of Hungary. Therefore, exploring food security is becoming more and more important not only in national but also in a wider context international strategy.
The aim of the article was to assess organic farming in Poland and in the Czech Republic and the changes that occurred in these countries after their accession to the European Union. The study used statistical materials published by FIBL, IFOAM and Eurostat, as well as Czech reports on the state of organic farming. The basic time range of the data covers the years 2000-2018. The article uses basic methods of statistical data analysis, i.e. Pearson correlation, trend lines, and dynamics indicators. Analyses showed changes in these countries in the area, in the number of producers, and in processing plans of organic food. Despite the significant increase in the area of organic farming in Poland, the share of these crops in relation to the total area of agricultural crops in the country is small. The country that develops very dynamically in this respect is the Czech Republic. In Poland, a downward trend has been noticed since 2014, both in respect to the cultivated area and the number of organic producers. However, the increase is visible in the number of organic processing plants. In the Czech Republic, the residents' expenses on organic food are also noticeably higher than in Poland.
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