Reichenberg K, Broberg AG. Quality of life in childhood asthma: use of the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire in a Swedish sample of children 7 to 9 years old. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89: 989-95. Stockholm. ISSN 0803-5253To validate a Swedish translation of the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and to study determinants of asthmatic children's quality of life, seventy-one 7-9-y-old children and their families were approached. Sixty-one children (86%) participated, 36 boys and 25 girls: 11 children with mild, 40 with moderate and 10 with severe asthma. The mean age was 8.7 y. Most commonly restricted activities during the week preceding the investigation were running (74%), gymnastics (30%), walking uphill (26%), playing football (20%) and shouting (13%).Parental rating of symptoms (Spearman's rho = À0.40, p = 0.001), percentage of expected peak flow rate (PEFR) (rho = 0.30, p = 0.009) and physicians' grading (mild, moderate and severe asthma, p = 0.047) all correlated significantly with PAQLQ scores. Younger children reported more impairment of QoL, as did children of parents not sharing household. Sex or presence of eczema or rhinoconjunctivitis did not significantly affect the scores. Children suffering from food allergy scored less impairment of QoL. The instrument was easy to administer, was well accepted by the children and had acceptable internal consistency.
A cross-sectional investigation of 59 Swedish 7-9-year-olds with asthma and their parents was undertaken to study family factors of importance to the children's psychological adjustment. Children scored the I Think I Am questionnaire, a measure of global self-worth, parents the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Parents' report of family cohesion was assessed with the Family Climate questionnaire, perceived parental capacity with a combination of a short form of the Parental Locus of Control questionnaire and the Parenting Efficacy questionnaire. High family cohesion and high perceived parental capacity were both associated with a high average child-reported global self-worth and children having on average few emotional and behavioural problems according to parental ratings. We found no support for the often-held view that high family cohesion (i.e. enmeshment) is associated with poor psychological adjustment of the child. The study, although small and limited by its cross-sectional design, supports the association between family cohesion and perceived parental capacity on the one hand and psychological adjustment of children with asthma on the other.
This study shows that, as a group, adolescents with IBD have self-esteem in the same range as their healthy peers, but that there are some adolescents with IBD who are at risk of low self-esteem. Special attention should be given to adolescents with a severe disease course and to those with separated parents.
With the Paediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ), parents grade impaired activities (5 items) and emotional concern (8 items) from 1 to 7 regarding how much their own quality of life (QoL) has been affected by the disease of their child during the last week. The questionnaire was translated into Swedish. To test the feasibility and validity of the Swedish version, 71 asthmatic children and their families were approached. Sixty‐one families (86%) participated. The mean age of the children was 8.7 y. Parental grading of symptoms (Spearman's rho = 0 637, p < 0.001), the asthma‐specific QoL of the child (rho = 0.359, p = 0 002) and gradings of asthma from medical records (mild asthma median score 6.69, moderate 6.27 and severe 5.12, p= 0.001) were all related to overall PACQLQ scores. The sex of the child, the presence of other diseases related to allergy, peak flow rate (PEFR) and socio‐economic level did not affect the scores. Lower scores in the emotional domain were seen in parents of children on steroids (p = 0.049). The distribution of scores was heavily skewed towards the positive end of the scale, leading to limited power to discriminate among parents of children with mild asthma. The instrument had good internal consistency and was well accepted by the parents.
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