Histopathological observations of changes at the injection site in mice were made for 20 weeks after a single intramuscular (im) injection of aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (Alum-TT), plain tetanus toxoid (TT), or aluminum adjuvant (Alum alone). Marked injury to muscle fibers and infiltration of neutrophils around the aluminum remnants were observed, and some microabscesses were occasionally formed, after im injection of Alum-TT. Some mature alum-granulomas were seen in the Alum-TT group, while the Alum alone group had only a few immature alum-granulomas. The TT group showed only slight injury to muscle fibers and acute inflammation at an early stage. In the Alum-TT group, well-developed lymphoid tissues and granulomatous lesions were still observable even 20 weeks after the injection; however, these changes had already diminished in the Alum alone group by that time. These findings could serve as good models for undesirable local reactions to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines.With the improvement in vaccines and progress in antigen purification techniques, there is a growing need for an appropriate adjuvant which effectively potentiates the immune response and exhibits minimum or no side reactions in humans.
Passive transfer of serum from mice infected with Borrelia duttonii showed conspicuous protection of normal mice against challenge with the pathogen. The effective principle in the serum was found in the ƒÁ-globulin fraction. On the 4th day of infection, the protective activity was detected in the 198 globulin fraction, whereas on the 30th day, mainly in the 7S globulin fraction. The circulating antibodies formed at the crisis of the disease appeared to play an important role in the disappearance of the pathogen from the circulation.
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