The feaml~ility, of neaz-infrared (N]R) spcctroscopy was examined for analyzing quality criteria or deterioration indices of soybeans, such as the nitrogen solubility index (NSI), acid value, digestibility and percentage germination, as well as the contents of their major eoustituents (moisture, oil and total nitrogen). Because all the criteria are closely related to yield and quality of the final product, their rapid analysis is required for process control in the oil willing plant. NIR diffuse~reflectancc spectra were meatus_red on ground samples in an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe Co., Norderstedt, Germany). As for the major constituents, the standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 0.34% (moisture), 02A% (oil) and 0.067% (total nitrc~ gen). These results show the ability of NIR for analyzing these parameters, as many r--~atrehers reported previously. As for the other quality criteria, the SEP values were 2.40 CNSI), 5.58 (digestibility), 0.29 (acid value) and 15.27 {ge~ mlnation percentage). Further, NIR analysis for some of these criteria of the extracted residue and defatted soybeaus was also eTamlned, and almost the same level of SEP values was obtained. Although it is still necessary to improve the accuracy, we concluded that the NIR method has the feasibility to measure quality criteria for the purpose of process control in the plant in place of the timecompnnlng chemical analyses that are conventionally used.
837Chlorophyll derivatives in canola oil were analyzed quantitatively by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography without any pretreatment. The main components were pheophytin (pheo) a and b and pyropheophytin {pyro} a and b. The factors affecting the types and concentration of chlorophyll derivatives in oil have been investigated during seed preparation, expelling, extraction, degumming and alkali-refining processes. Bleaching tests of alkali-refined canola oil with activated earth indicated the adsorption of each derivative to decrease in the following order: pheo a > pyro a >> pheo b > pyro b. In bleaching with activated carbon, however, the following order was observed: pyro b > pheo b > pheo a > pyro a.KEY WORDS: Adsorption isotherms, bleaching, canola oil, chlorophyll derivatives, pheophytin a, pheophytin b, pyropheophytin a, pyropheophytin b, refining process, seed preparation.
The quantification of chlorophyll (Chl) pigments such as pheophytins a and b (Pheo-a and -b), and pyropheophytins a and b (Pyro-a and -b) present in edible vegetable oils was conducted by high performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC) provided with a fluorescent detecter. A reversed phase ODS column in combination with a mixture of acetone, methanol and water (60:36:4, vol) as the mobile phase was found most effective for separating Chl pigments by HPLC. The pigments were detected at an excitation wavelength of 420nm and emission wavelength of 660nm. Subsequent to the neutralized rapeseed (canola) and soybean oils, Pheo-a and -b and Pyro-a and -b could be determined by this method at the mg/kg level . The present HPLC is thus shown quite effective for the quantification of Chl pigments in edible oils.
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