Tractor overturn fatality rates decreased between 1992 and 2007. These decreases were not consistent between different categories of the agricultural workforce or regions of the US. Changes in tractor overturn fatality rates may be partially explained by increases in the prevalence of ROPS on farm tractors in the US. ROPS promotion programs are needed to reduce tractor overturn fatalities, especially among those subpopulations at highest risk.

Abstract:Although a myriad of research illustrates the safety issues related to farm fatalities in youth populations, very little empirical evidence exists to describe farm fatalities to non-working youth and youth under 16 years of age. Research such as that conducted by Myers and Adekoya (2001) and Castillo et al. (1999) utilize surveillance systems such as the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) Surveillance System and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) to provide information on occupational farm fatalities to youth. However, since youth are exposed to hazards both while working and playing on the farm, these studies exclude one critical component -non-occupational fatalities.Adekoya and Pratt (2001) utilize National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Mortality Data to address fatal farm injuries. However, the data do not allow for a delineation between occupational and non-occupational events. In addition, the coding system utilized with these data does not allow for inclusion of transportation or intentional fatalities, and fatalities occurring within the farm home were not included.To address both occupational and non-occupational deaths on farms, including transportation and intentional deaths, this research will utilize death certificate data collected by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) from all 50 state vital statistics mortality registries. Records satisfying the following criteria were requested: underlying, immediate, or contributing cause of death from an external factor; age of the decedent is less than 20 years of age; and the indicated location of death is a farm. The results include information for 368 fatalities occurring in the years 1995 through 1997.In addition to providing annual fatality rates and description of the general cause of death, this research will further examine the variation between age groups. In particular, a distinction will be made between youth under 16 years of age and those 16 and over.Preliminary findings show an average annual fatality rate for all farm youth of 9.76 fatalities per 100,000 youth. The most prevalent causes of death are; machinery (94), drowning (59), motor vehicle (49), nature/environment (25) and suffocation (24). Of all youth fatalities occurring while at work, 34.0% (16) are to youth less than 16 years of age. This same age group accounts for 74.4% (221) of all non-work related fatalities. This paper will provide farm families and researchers more detailed information on farm hazards that contribute to the deaths of youth. As these youth may encounter hazards while working or playing in their daily environment, identification and elimination of these hazards will increase overall safety on the farm.

Objective-To provide data on the magnitude and patterns of animal related onfarm injuries to youth in the United States. Data source-A survey of 26 000 farm households conducted for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1998. Subjects-Youth younger than 20 years of age.Results-There were an estimated 6438 animal related on-farm injuries to youth in 1998. 70% occurred to farm residents; 69% were work related. Males accounted for 64% and approximately 41% occurred to those younger than 10; 37% involved horses and 31% cattle. Most horse related injuries occurred to females and a majority of the cattle related injuries were to males. Additionally, most of the cattle related injuries were work related, while horse related injuries were mainly nonwork. Conclusions-One out of every five youth injuries occurring on farms in the UnitedStates is animal related. These animal related injuries were due to both work and non-work related exposures. The large number of horse and cattle related injuries highlights a need for intervention strategies based on the injury circumstances common to these animals. (Injury Prevention 2001;7:307-311)

Injuries and Illnesses (SOII). † During the 7-year period, an estimated 3.2 million (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-3.7) nonfatal, job-related injuries to young workers were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). From 2012 to 2018, annual rates of work-related injuries § treated in the ED (ED-treated injuries) declined overall across all age groups but ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 times higher for workers aged 15-24 years compared with those for adults aged 25-44 years. Workers aged 18-19 years had the highest rate of ED-treated injuries. In 2018, among all age groups, workers in service occupations ¶ had the highest percentage of injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Among workers aged 15-17 years, those in the leisure and hospitality industry had the highest percentage of work-related injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Occupational injuries can have long-term impacts on health (4). The disproportionate risk of injury among young workers highlights the need for sustained, targeted public health efforts to prepare this population with essential workplace safety and health competencies before they enter the workforce and to provide high-quality safety training and close supervision on the job. NIOSH and its partners developed a free curriculum to teach adolescents workplace safety and health competencies, which includes identification of workplace hazards and methods for addressing them, how to understand their rights and responsibilities as workers, and how to voice concerns about work safety issues (5).