The multi-level location routing problem (MLLRP) is an extension of the capacitated location routing problem (CLRP). MLLRPs are considered a class of combinatorial optimization problems that arise in transportation applications, such as agricultural logistic planning. Along with concerns regarding the environmental harmfulness, recent studies have considered “green” logistics. This paper addressed a low environmental impact model for MLLRP by considering characteristics, emissions, and traffic congestion that have not appeared in the recent literature. The mathematical model was formulated to deal with a reverse flow problem, which was a real case that occurs in Thailand agriculture. We developed a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm to solve the MLLRP by integrating a variable neighborhood search (VNS) with an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS). The experimental results shown that the hybrid algorithm had clear advantages in the time consumption and quality of the solution. The extended study indicated that the proposed algorithm obtained competitive results compared with the previously published methods. The proposed practice is useful not only for the agricultural industry but also for other industries.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.