Diabetes complications is associated with alterations in metabolic enzymes, hormones, lipid peroxidation leading to damage of liver and kidney. In the present study the traditional usage of Leucas aspera Wild against diabetes and its complications is explored experimentally by using in-vivo alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The results revealed that aqueous leaf extract at a dose of 200mg/kg b.w. exhibited significant decrease in (P<0.05) blood glucose levels and increase in body weight, insulin and C peptide levels. The changes in glucose haemostasis and metabolic alterations in the enzyme levels are due to lack of insulin and is reverted back to near normal level after the administration of Leucas aspera leaf extract. Meanwhile the storage of glycogen in the liver is significantly improved reducing the complications associated with diabetes. Similarly, the alterations in atherogenic index which is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases was inverted to near normal levels by improving the quantity of the HDL-C. Liver damage and renal dysfunction is the major complication during diabetes because of frequent lipid peroxidation, but treatment with Leucas aspera has a pronounce effect on these markers enzymes protecting the organs form further damage. Thus the results reveal that Leucas aspera has the potential and can be a candidate of choice without side effect.
Molecular combing technology (MCT) is an effective means for stretching DNA molecules and making them thus accessible for in situ studies. MCT uses the force exerted in the process of liquid flow via surface tension to stretch DNA molecules and spread them on solid surfaces, i.e. glass cover slips. Many DNA molecules can be stretched at the same time in parallel and neatly arranged side-by-side, making the approach convenient for statistical analysis. Accordingly, DNA replication and transcription can be studied at the single molecule level. In this paper, the principle, experimental methods, important applications, advantages and shortcuts of MCT in medical field are presented and discussed.
Traditionally dates is consumed as a rich source of iron supplement and the current research discuss the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic seed extract of Rothan date and its application over in vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cell line (A549). FTIR result of synthesised AgNPs reveals the presence of functional group OH as capping agent. XRD pattern confirms the crystalline nature of the AgNPs with peaks at 38º, 44º, 64º and 81º, indexed by ( 111), ( 200), ( 220) and ( 222) in the 2θ range of 10-90, indicating the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of metallic Ag. HR-TEM results confirm the morphology of AgNPs as almost spherical with high surface areas and average size of 42 ± 9nm. EDX spectra confirmed that Ag is only the major element present and the Dynamic light scattering (DLS) assisted that the Z-average size was 203nm and 1.0 of PdI value. Zeta potential showed − 26.5mv with a single peak. The results of the biological activities of AgNPs exhibited dose dependent activity with 68.44% for arthritic, antiinflammatory with 63.32% inhibition and anti-proliferative activity illustrated IC 50 value of 59.66 μg/mL expressing the potential of AgNPs to combat cancer.
Antidiabetic activity of 95% and 50% ethanol extracts of C. macrophylla roots was evaluated using male Wistar albino rats to gather support for the promising results of glucose uptake against normal control in studies conducted on L-6 muscle cell lines as well as isolated rat hemidiaphragm. Initially, preliminary phytochemical studies were performed and identified the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and their glycosides. Before doing in vivo experiment, by following RRR concept, glucose uptake in L-6 muscle cell lines were performed, detected better glucose uptake against normal control and decided to do in vivo experiments. The estimation of glucose uptake in isolated rat hemidiaphragm treated with the extract was employed for the study of peripheral glucose uptake and the results were significant. Content of blood glucose was high in STZ-diabetic rats as compared to normal rats. Treatment of STZ-diabetic rats with the test extract ME -CM RH significantly reduced the hyperglycaemia when compared with STZ only treated rats. Rats lost their body weight after STZ treatment, which was reversed by the treatment of test extracts and gliclazide. HbA1C levels were higher in the STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to the normal control rats. Treatment with ME-CMRH (methanol eluate – CMRH) decreased the HbA1C level of the STZ induced diabetic rats. Antidiabetic activity of the test extract ME-CMRH at 500 mg/kg body weight dose was comparable with the effect produced by the standard drug gliclazide in restoring the levels of blood glucose, body weight and HbA1C towards normal levels. The above data are indicative of the antidiabetic potential of C. macrophylla roots. In the evaluation of mechanism of action by gene expression studies, upregulation of Glut-4 as well as PPAR-γ were demonstrated.
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