Background: Gallstone disease is a significant health problem world over (in both developing and developed nations). The incidence of gallstone disease increases after age of 40years and it becomes 4-10 times more common in old age. As many as 16% and 29% of women above the age of 40-49 years and 50-59 years, respectively, had gall stones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy introduced in 1985 has become the procedure of choice for surgical removal of the gallbladder. The aim is to compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy in patients of cholelithiasis by measuring parameters such as use of post-operative analgesia, operative time, post-operative hospital stays, morbidity, mortality and patient satisfaction.Methods: It is a prospective randomized study of 120 patients of cholelithiasis aged between 20years to 80years operated during 2015-2018 at of Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India. They were divided into open and laparoscopic Cholecystectomy groups by drawing a lottery.Results: The median (range) operation time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 55-155 min (mean=102 min) and 40-105 min (mean=72 min) for open cholecystectomy (p <0.001). Form LC group 5 cases had to be converted to OC. Rate of conversion was 5/60=8.3% which is within limits of worldwide laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion rate of 5% to 10%. LC was found to be superior to OC.Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is better than open cholecystectomy However, open cholecystectomy is preferable in cases of complicated cholecystectomy.

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Introduction: Burn injuries have major health problem because of its high, morbidity, disability andmortality in young and middle-aged people. Burn injuries also have social problems associated with it. It may be associated with accidental, suicidal or homicidal causes. Despite of such importance of burn injuries from clinical and social point of view, there is scarcity of research on burn injuries in India. Thus we tried to highlight our observations in this study which had been undertaken to find out the causes of burn and it's clinical profile and treatment outcome of burn patients in the our Institute. Material methods: This observational study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2020 in patients ofburn injury who were admitted in surgery wardsand burn ICU of Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College & Hospital, Gaya, Bihar. We have studied 226 burn patients who admitted in our general surgical units and burn icu of our Institute. Burns patients who are above 18 years and both sexes were including in the study. Results: A total of 226 patients had burns injuries. 162 were male and 64 female in the ratio of M: F-2.53:1.Males were mostly affected (71.68%) in comparison to females. Most of the burn patients were in the age group of 21-30 years in this studied.i.e.42.02%. Lesser patients were seen in age group 50 -75 . As regard the causes,duringthe house hold activities has maximum number of patients as shown and electricity is causing second highest cases (26.99%), less number of patients are suicidal (3.53) and unknown etiology is seen in seven cases. Conclusion: Burn injury prevention is very difficult task, but to avoid the significant morbidity andmortality following the burn injury. We have to take every measures to control its incidence. A coordinated and dedicated approach by social workers, medical and paramedical personnel and administrators can only minimize the incidence of burn injury in India.

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Appendectomy is now 125years old and we salute it. It is the operation for the removal of an inflamed symptomatic appendix to cure acute appendicitis (AA), the commonest surgical emergency world over. There are two variants of appendectomy: 1. Open and 2. Laparoscopic. Open appendectomy (OA) dominated the surgical word for about 85years and in 1980 was challenged by the laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Thirty years since then a pseudo controversy continues as to which is a better choice despite a lot of literature to support LA. Using the terms laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy and appendicitis, a literature search was made using Medline and google. About 2100 citations were analyzed and several meta-analyses were studied to resolve the controversy. Laparoscopic appendectomy is worth recommending as an effective and safe procedure for acute appendicitis in both adults and children in all types of symptomatic appendicitis. Overall LA is more patient friendly than open appendectomy and deserves to be a gold standard surgical modality.

Objective: To evaluate the indications of colostomy and study its complication.Methodology: This prospective study wascarried out in department of general surgery, A. N. Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar from July 2016 to June 2019 A total 118 patients of colostomies done either elective or emergency setting for any cause was included in this study. Results: out of total 118 patients, Males (n=87 out of 74% were commonly affected then female (n=31 out of 118)26%. Maximum number of cases were in 51 to 60 age group (n=35 out of 118) 30%. The most common indication for colostomy formation was carcinoma (n=55, 46.6%), followed by intestinal obstruction (n=28, 23.7%). In colostomy patients total n=57 complications were observed in 54 patients that is 46.4% of patients. In our study the complication were reported as Local sepsis 25%, Prolapse 7%, Retraction 4%, Necrosis 4%, Parastomal hernia 1.6%, Stenosis 1.6%, Intestinal obstruction 1.6%, Bleeding 1.6%. Conclusion: The carcinoma of the colon and rectum is the most common indication for the colostomy. The local sepsis is the most common complication.