Chronic liver disease refers to a disease of the liver, which had lasted more than six months. The disease process involves progressive destruction and regeneration of liver parenchyma leading to brosis and cirrhosis. This study evaluates the various hematological indices as these parameters are part of an inexpensive, easily accessible, and routinely performed test for almost all patients admitted to health facilities to nd out a correlation between variation in hematological parameters and the illness under study. This study is conducted in the department of Pathology J.L.N Medical College and Associated group of hospitals, Ajmer (Rajasthan) prospectively from July 2019 to June 2020 (one year). In our study, the mean age for chronic liver disease was 44.48±11.84 years and the highest incidence was seen between the age group of 41-50 years (4th decade). M: F ratio was 6:1. Alcohol has been implicated as the most common cause. In the case of non- alcoholic hepatitis B has been implicated as the most common cause. The most common anemia is normocytic normochromic anemia. Microcytic anemia is most common among women. Macrocytosis is almost common with alcoholics. The mean MCV, MCH and MCHC were signicantly higher in alcoholic chronic liver disease patients. Thrombocytopenia is present in more than 30% of patients. In chronic liver failure patients, most of them had abnormalities in hematological parameters. Hence with this study, all the chronic liver disease patients must be evaluated for hematological and should be monitored for any complications. Early treatment to correct these comorbidities can decrease mortality.
Background: The gastrointestinal tract which extends from the esophagus to anus is a common site for numerous pathological processes from non-neoplastic, pre-neoplastic, to neoplastic. Gastrointestinal tumors including both benign and malignant tumors are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endoscopy in combination with endoscopic biopsy plays an important role in detecting early cancers and/or high-grade dysplasia and in the diagnosis of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract neoplasms and therefore aids in their early management.Methods: This study was done for 1 year from July 2018 to June 2019 (retrospectively) and over a period of 1 year from July 2019 to June 2020 (prospectively). All endoscopic biopsies samples were received in the department of pathology at J. L. N. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan.Results: The mean age of patients were 51.91±18.86 years and highest incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) disease was seen between the age group of 51-60 years. The male: female (M: F) ratio was 1.46: 1. Non neoplastic lesions are more common than neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory lesion was the most commonly observed lesion followed by malignant lesions. The sensitivity of endoscopy is 96.25%, specificity is 68.67%, the positive predictive value is 74.76% and the negative predictive value is 95%. Accuracy for diagnosis by endoscopy is 82.21%.Conclusions: Endoscopic biopsy correlation reflects important advances in understanding the pathophysiology of disease and prognosis and survival rates after staging in the case of carcinomas. It provides diagnostic information and aids in improving patient management.
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