Chronic metal toxicity is a concern in the Canadian Arctic because of the findings of high metal levels in wildlife animals and the fact that traditional fd statutes a major component of the diet of indigenous peo-pIes. We ned exposure totrce metals though traditional fod resources for Inuit living in the community of Qikiqtajuaq on Baffin Island in the eastern Arctic. Mercury, cadmium, and lead were d ined i local food resources as normally prepared and eaten. Elevated concentrations of mercury (>50 pg/1lO g) were found in ringed seal liver, narwbal matnak beluga meat, and bel-uga mattak, and actively hig on a-tions of cadmium an lead (>.100.pg/100 g) were fiond in ringed seal liver, mussels, and kelp. Quantified dietary recalls taken seasonally reflected normal consumption patterns of these food resources by adu't men and women (>20 years old) and children (3-12 years old). Based on traditional food con-sumpt~ion, the average daily intake levels of total mercury for both adults (65 pg for women and 97 pg for men) and children (38 pg) were higher than the anadian avera value (16 pa). The average weeldy intake of mercury for all age groups exceeded the intae guides (5.0 pg/cg/day). established by the Joint Food and Agriculture
This article explores the relationship between international law and the natural environment. We contend that international environmental law and general international law are structured in ways that systemically reinforce ecological harm. Through exploring the cultural milieu from which international environmental law emerged, we argue it produced an impoverished understanding of nature that is incapable of responding adequately to ecological crises. We maintain that environmental issues should not be confined to a disciplinary specialization because humanity's relationship with nature has been central to making international law. Foundational concepts such as sovereignty, development, property, economy, human rights, and so on, have evolved through understanding nature in ways that are unsuited to perceiving or observing ecological limits. International law primarily sees nature as a resource for wealth generation to enable societies to continually develop, and environmental degradation is treated as an economic externality to be managed by special regimes. Through tracing the co-evolution of these assumptions about nature alongside seminal disciplinary concepts, it becomes evident that such understandings are central to shaping international law and that the discipline helps universalize and normalize them. By comprehending more broadly the relationship between nature and international law, it is possible to see beyond law's potential to correct environmental harm and identify the disciplinary role in driving ecological degradation. Venturing beyond the purview of international environmental lawyers, this article considers the role of all international lawyers in augmenting and mitigating ecological crises. It concludes that disciplinary solutions to environmental problems require radical departures from existing disciplinary tenets, necessitating new formulations that encapsulate rich and diverse understandings of nature.
Chronic metal toxicity is a concern in the Canadian Arctic because of the findings of high metal levels in wildlife animals and the fact that traditional fd statutes a major component of the diet of indigenous peopIes. We ned exposure totrce metals though traditional fod resources for Inuit living in the community of Qikiqtajuaq on Baffin Island in the eastern Arctic. Mercury, cadmium, and lead were d ined i local food resources as normally prepared and eaten. Elevated concentrations of mercury (>50 pg/1lO g) were found in ringed seal liver, narwbal matnak beluga meat, and beluga mattak, and actively hig on ations of cadmium an lead (>.100.pg/100 g) were fiond in ringed seal liver, mussels, and kelp. Quantified dietary recalls taken seasonally reflected normal consumption patterns of these food resources by adu't men and women (>20 years old) and children (3-12 years old). Based on traditional food consumpt~ion, the average daily intake levels of total mercury for both adults (65 pg for women and 97 pg for men) and children (38 pg) were higher than the anadian avera value (16 pa). The average weeldy intake of mercury for all age groups exceeded the intae guides (5.0 pg/cg/day). established by the Joint Food and Agriculture
While globalization has brought far‐reaching benefits to communities around the world in the form of increasing foreign investment and trade, and reduced levels of poverty, the externalities of the global market have also taken on greater prominence. In particular, issues of global environmental change now stand as a central concern for governments around the world, with increasing threats to the sustainability of hard‐won development gains. While international frameworks such as the United Nations conventions on climate change and biodiversity have been enacted to take joint action on issues of common concern, a major challenge has been to enact effective implementation regimes to achieve results on the ground. One hope lays in the forces of the market itself, engaging global market forces and the role of the private sector to facilitate a global shift to sustainable growth and business practices. This article analyses this challenge and emerging opportunities for market‐based approaches to implement international environmental law through a case study of China and the innovative partnerships being forged there between the UN, governmental and private institutions.
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