The United States is the largest refugee resettlement country in the world. Refugees may face health-related challenges after resettlement in the United States, including higher rates of chronic diseases due to problems such as language barriers and difficulty adapting to new food environments. However, reported refugee diet challenges varied, and no systematic examination has been reported. This study examined refugee food intake pre-and postresettlement in the United States and differences in intake across various refugee groups. We systematically reviewed relevant studies that reported on refugee food intake and adaptation to the US food environment. We searched PubMed for literature published between January 1985 and April 2015, including cross-sectional and prospective studies. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Limited research has been conducted, and most studies were based on small convenience samples. In general, refugees increased meat and egg consumption after resettling in the United States. Changes in refugee intake of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products varied by socioeconomic status, food insecurity, past food deprivation experience, length of stay in the United States, region of origin, and age. South Asians were more likely to maintain traditional diets, and increased age was associated with more conservative and traditional diets. Despite the abundance of food in the United States, postresettlement refugees reported difficulty in finding familiar or healthy foods. More research with larger samples and follow-up data are needed to study how refugees adapt to the US food environment and what factors may influence their food-and health-related outcomes. The work could inform future interventions to promote healthy eating and living among refugees and help to reduce health disparities. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1066-79.

Fisetin (3,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone) and quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone) are the bioactive plant flavonoids that are potentially useful therapeutic drugs for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, and cancer. 3-Hydroxyflavone (3HF) and 7-hydroxyflavone (7HF) are the synthetic chromophores of fisetin and quercetin. We have exploited dual luminescence properties of fisetin and quercetin along with 3-HF and 7HF to examine their efficacy of binding and compare their interactions with DNA, which is one of the macromolecular targets of flavonoids in physiological systems. Following the sequence of the human telomeric DNA 5′-d (CCCTAA-)n/(-TTAGGG)n-5′, two single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, 5′-d(C3TA2)3C3-3′ and 5′-d(T2AG3)4-3′, and their duplex were used as receptors to study binding by the ligands quercetin, fisetin, and their chromophores. Circular dichroism, differential absorption, UV thermal melting, and size exclusion chromatographic studies indicated the formation of unusual DNA structures (such as C4 and G4 tetraplexes) for both the C- and G-rich single-stranded DNAs. Upon binding to DNA, dramatic changes were observed in the intrinsic fluorescence behavior of the flavonoids. Molecular docking studies were performed to describe the likely binding sites for the ligands. The spectroscopic studies on flavonoid–DNA interactions described herein demonstrate a powerful approach for examining their DNA binding through exploiting the highly sensitive intrinsic fluorescence properties of the flavonoids as their own “reporter” for their interactions with macromolecular targets.

Background: The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a single-site prospective epidemiologic investigation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African Americans from the central Jackson, Mississippi area. The study is a collaboration between Jackson State University (JSU), University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Tougaloo College (TC), and the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH). The JHS Undergraduate Training and Education Center (JHSUTEC) at TC was developed to increase the numbers of college-aged African American students entering public health and health-related fields. To achieve this goal, the UTEC designed the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Scholars program.Methods: JHS Scholars are required to take additional classes and participate in public health and/or biomedical research. The scholars engage in research locally during the academic year. However, many scholars participate in research outside of the Jack­son Metropolitan area during the summer. Because of this, national collaborators were needed to act as mentors and hosts.Results: Since the inception of the JHSUTEC, more than 15 collaborations have been formed that have shared resources and student successes. As of May 2018, more than150 students have successfully completed the JHS Scholars program and many have continued into careers in public health, biomedical research, and medicine. Since 2004, JHS scholars have published 29 papers and 15 scholars have received diversity supplements.Conclusion: Collaborative activities and public health partnerships have contributed to the success of the JHSUTEC program and have served as a pathway of entry into STEM fields for minority students.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):41-46; doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.41

In 1999, Tougaloo College (TC), located in Jackson, Mississippi, was charged, as a part of its role in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), with creating a pool of well-trained high school students who, upon entering college, could successfully complete undergraduate and graduate or professional degrees in the health professions, biomedical research, and public health. TC identified the following educational challenges experienced by Mississippi high school students: inadequate exposure to reading, writing, logic, and quantitative skills; inadequate course work in science and mathematics; lack of mentors and role models in science-related fields as well as for exploration and identification of career options in the health professions and biomedical research. To this end, the JHS Undergraduate Training and Educa­tion Center (JHS UTEC) developed three four-week summer workshops in Science, Language Arts, and Mathematics (SLAM) for high school students in grades 9 through 11. Since SLAM’s inception, more than 900 students have completed the program, and more than 90% have enrolled in college. In addition, according to National Student Clearinghouse and participant-reported data, many of the SLAM participants have earned not only undergraduate degrees in science, but also graduate degrees in a health-related and STEM fields. This article details the SLAM curricula and strategies for recruiting, selecting, training, and retain­ing high school students; we also present data to illustrate the success of the SLAM program. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(1):25-32; doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.25

Background: Weight misperception is a common problem among adolescents; how­ever, few studies have examined contribut­ing factors among an exclusively African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with weight misperception among 12- to 19-year-old participants in the Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study (JHS-KIDS).Methods: Data were drawn from JHS-KIDS, a prospective, observational examination of cardiovascular-related risk factors among African American adolescents who were children or grandchildren of participants in the Jackson Heart Study. Adolescent weight misperception – discordance between mea­sured weight status and perceived weight status – was the primary outcome of inter­est. Self-reported weight control behaviors, parent concerns about adolescents’ weight, parent-perceived responsibility for adoles­cent’s weight and daily hassles were the primary independent variables of interest.Results: The analytic sample was equally divided by females (n=107) and males (n=105) and one third of study partici­pants (33.5%) had discordance between their actual and perceived weight. Results from fully adjusted sex-stratified modified Poisson regression models indicated that weight behavior control was significant among females (PR = .66, 95%CI:1.20- 2.30). Parental concerns about child weight were significant for males. Each additional point increase in the parent’s concern about their weight score was associated with a 9% increase in the adjusted prevalence of weight misperception among males (95%CI: 1.03-1.16).Conclusions: The sex-specific patterns in this study highlight heterogeneity among African American adolescents and an urgent need to consider sex and gender when developing targeted interventions for youth who are at high risk for weight misper­ceptions and unhealthy weight control practices. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):461-468; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.461

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Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to examine the existing information regarding cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) manifestations among underrepresented minority populations, underrepresented minorities’ representation in the cardiometabolic workforce, and the models that successfully recruit and retain underrepresented minorities in the field. Recent Findings The scientific literature is replete with information on methods to recruit and train URM in research careers. However, there are few programs that are specifically designed to train URM to become diabetes researchers, or more specifically cardiometabolic researchers. Summary The CMS scientific community leaders do not have to design a new learning program to engage URM in research. They only have to follow the prototypes by other organizations and make applicable to cardiometabolic research.

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