provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable development. The Institute began operations in 1985 in Helsinki, Finland, as the first research and training centre of the United Nations University. Today it is a unique blend of think tank, research institute, and UN agency-providing a range of services from policy advice to governments as well as freely available original research. The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom as well as earmarked contributions for specific projects from a variety of donors.
Industrial transformation of Asia arguably constitutes the most surprising and dramatic change in the global economy in the last fifty years. This chapter provides an outline of some of the most important trends of this development and analyses selected national industrial policies that promoted structural transformation in developing Asia during the period. In the first part, we describe crucial dimensions of industrialization in the region—its extent, its historical trajectory, and the resulting industrial upgrading. In the second part, we use four case studies—Republic of Korea, Malaysia, China, India—to describe some of the strategies that Asian economies used in order to induce industrial development. We argue that more successful cases did not try to implement a golden policy template but rather pragmatically adopted their policies to overcome specific bottlenecks and meet strategic objectives.
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