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Integrating career and family is challenging for physicians at all stages of professional development but especially during residency, which occurs during prime childbearing years and involves long, inflexible work hours. 1,2 Parental leave policies can influence physician well-being and gender equity. A recent report found that the mean paid childbearing leave for faculty physicians at 12 top US medical schools was 8.6 weeks in 2016-2017, 3 but corresponding institution-level policies for residents have not been reported. May be extended by vacation Stanford University Stanford Health Care No institutional policy beyond sick leave and/or state disability benefits May use available sick leave (up to 20 days) and personal time off (up to 3 weeks) to supplement applicable state disability benefits 1 Week specified for paternity

ERK-mediated up-regulation of c-myc by K-Ras or B-Raf oncogenes disrupts the establishment of apical/basolateral polarity independently of its effect on proliferation.

Background Parenting issues can affect physicians' choice of specialty or subspecialty, as well as their selection of individual training programs, because of the distinctive challenges facing residents and fellows with children. Specific information about how residents perceive these challenges is limited. Objective We sought to better understand the challenges associated with parenting during residency and fellowship training in order to inform policy and research. Methods In 2017, a voluntary online questionnaire was distributed to all 2214 Partners HealthCare graduate medical education trainees across 285 training programs. The survey queried attitudes of and about trainees with children and assessed needs and experiences related to parental leave, lactation, and childcare. Responses were compared between subgroups, including gender, surgical versus nonsurgical specialty, parental status, and whether the respondent was planning to become a parent. Results A total of 578 trainees (26%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 195 (34%) became parents during training. An additional 298 (52%) planned to become parents during training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that their institution should support trainees with children (95%) and that doing so is important for trainee wellness (98%). However, 25% felt that trainees with children burden trainees without children. Childcare access, affordability, and availability for sufficient hours were identified as key challenges, along with issues related to parental leave, lactation facilities, and effect on peers. Conclusions This survey highlights trainees' perspectives about parenting during their clinical training, signaling parental leave, lactation facilities, and childcare access and affordability as particular challenges and potential targets for future interventions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the professional and personal lives of radiologists and radiation oncologists. This article summarizes the 2020 American Association for Women in Radiology (AAWR) Women's Caucus at the American College of Radiology (ACR) Annual Meeting. The caucus focused on the major challenges that women in radiology have faced during the pandemic.

these weeks, the prison-to-US incidence rate ratio was 5.0 (95% CI, 5.0-5.1), while the standardized mortality ratio was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.9-3.8).Discussion | COVID-19 incidence and standardized mortality rates remained consistently higher among the prison population than the overall US population in the first year of the pandemic. While COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates peaked in late 2020 and early 2021 and have since declined, the cumulative toll of COVID-19 has been several times greater among the prison population than the overall US population.A study limitation is reliance on publicly available data, which are subject to potential misreporting, delays, 4 and inconsistencies in population estimates. 3 In addition, differences in testing rates between the overall US population and the prison population may have biased incidence ratios. Also, the study period did not capture the more recent outbreak of COVID-19 cases due to the Delta variant. Nevertheless, this study underscores the importance of initiatives such as vaccination, decarceration, and continued disease surveillance in prison settings as long as the pandemic continues.

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Germ cell tumors, because they contain immature and mature elements, can differentiate into different tissue types. They can exhibit unusual imaging features or manifest in a syndromic fashion. The authors describe these features and assign them to one of the following categories: (a) unusual manifestations of metastatic disease (growing teratoma syndrome, choriocarcinoma syndrome, ossified metastases, and gliomatosis peritonei); (b) autoimmune manifestations (sarcoidlike reaction and paraneoplastic syndromes); (c) endocrine syndromes (sex hormone production, struma ovarii, and struma carcinoid); or (d) miscellaneous conditions (ruptured dermoid cyst, squamous cell carcinoma arising from a mature teratoma, Currarino triad, fetus in fetu, pseudo-Meigs syndrome, and pancreatitis). Rare conditions associated with germ cell tumors demonstrate characteristic imaging findings that can help lead to the appropriate diagnosis and management recommendations. When evaluating for potential metastatic disease, alternative benign diagnoses should be considered (eg, growing teratoma syndrome, ossified metastases, ruptured dermoid cyst, gliomatosis peritonei, and sarcoidlike reaction), which may impact management. Germ cell tumors may also lead to life-threatening complications such as extensive hemorrhage from choriocarcinoma metastases or the rupture of mature teratomas, cases in which timely diagnosis is crucial. Autoimmune and endocrine manifestations such as paraneoplastic encephalitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hyperthyroidism may occur owing to the presence of germ cell tumors and can create a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Knowledge of the syndromic and unusual imaging findings associated with germ cell tumors helps guide appropriate management. ©