The development of excited-state palladium-catalyzed alkylative cyclization of acrylamides and the alkylation of quinoxalinones is described. The application of a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary unactivated alkyl halides as alkyl radical precursors and the use of a simple catalyst system are the highlights of this reactivity manifold. The reactions exhibit wide scope, occur under mild conditions, and furnish the products in excellent yields.

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A highly active photocatalyst is unveiled for the Fenton-like reactions in visible light. A metal-free covalent organic framework (COF) was highly active via a novel mechanical pulverization process. Under visible light, the activity of pulverized COF reached an apparent quantum yield of 41% for Fenton-like degradation. The exceptional performance is due to the conduction band's induced high excited electron density. The outstanding performance does not require pH adjustment by external means, unlike metal-based photocatalysts. The pulverized COF can be recycled up to five times. For industrial scale implementation, the photocatalyst outperformed in a continuous flow channel. The photocatalytic space-time yield (PSTY) was increased by 28 times over conventional batch photocatalysis. For successful chemical reactions, an exceedingly small amount of photocatalyst is required. Additionally, a very high photoreduction rate was also observed for hexavalent chromium, which was significantly better than the parent COF.

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