Background: Infertility is one of the commonest problems encountered in gynecology. Infertility appears to be a problem in 10-15% of Indian population. Tubal factors account for (20-40%) of infertility. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the role of hystero-salpingography and hystero-laparoscopy in evaluation of tubal factors for female infertility.Methods: Present study was carried out on 70 women attending the gynaecology OPD for investigation of infertility admitted between March 2014 to December 2014 in Gynecology ward, SSG Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat.Results: Out of 70 patients who underwent HSG tubal block was detected in 34 cases. Out of these 34 cases tubal block was detected only in 17 cases by laparoscopy and chromopertubation. One case which showed patent tubes on HSG had unilateral tubal block on chromopertubation test. Accordingly, sensitivity of HSG for tubal patency comes out to be 0.72, specificity of 0.94, positive predictive value of 97.43%, negative predictive value of 51.61%, positive likelihood ratio of 12.28 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.30.Conclusions: HSG being simple and less invasive technique along with higher specificity and lesser complications. Hystero-laparoscopy is a valuable technique for the complete assessment of female infertility.
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate leading to decreased excretion of nitrogenous waste like urea, creatinine and other uremic toxin. Even minor changes in serum creatinine are associated with increased in-patient mortality. To study various etiological factors responsible for AKI to do better management of condition for prevention of adverse effects on maternal and fatal outcome. To study outcome of disease in form of recovery, morbidity and mortality. To record maternal and foetal outcome. Methods: A prospective, observational study of 50 patients conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Medical College Baroda and Sir Sayajirao General Hospital from the time period of 1 year. Results: There was no significant association of initial serum creatinine with maternal outcome. However, there was significant association of last serum creatinine and Percentage Improvement in serum creatinine with maternal outcome as last serum creatinine was significantly lowest in completely recovered patients as compared to dead and discharged on request patients and percentage Improvement in serum creatinine was significantly high in completely recovered patients as compared to dead and discharged on request patients. There was no significant association of initial and last serum creatinine with fetal outcome; however, percentage improvement in serum creatinine was significantly high in alive fetuses as compared to aborted, dead and undelivered fetuses. Conclusions: Pregnancy-related AKI is a common medical problem and understanding its association with various etiopathologies has significant impacts on maternal and fetal outcome.
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