BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately one million cases of tuberculosis in the world's child population, and the disease is responsible for 130.000 deaths per year, which makes tuberculosis one of the top 10 causes of death in children in the world. The objective of the study was to identify areas of risk for the appearance of tuberculosis in children and their association with social inequalities in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. METHODS Ecological study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. To identify areas of spatial risk for tuberculosis in children, we use the technique of spatial scanning statistics. To analyze the association of cases of childhood tuberculosis with social vulnerability, the Social Vulnerability Index of São Paulo was used and four explanatory statistical models were listed. RESULTS 96 cases of childhood tuberculosis were reported, of which 90 were geocoded. A risk area was identi ed in the municipality, where children under 15 years old have 3.14 times more risk of contracting tuberculosis than outside this area. Of the models tested, the Zero-In ated Poisson probability distribution was the one that best suited the nature of the variables. The variables identi ed as risk factors were: number of private and collective households; Proportion of children aged 0 to 5 in the population; Proportion of households without per capita income; Proportion of private households with monthly nominal incomes of up to 1/4 minimum wages. The variables identi ed as possible protection factors, there was a proportion of women responsible for the household under 30 and an average income of women responsible for the household. CONCLUSION The study showed areas of risk for the occurrence of tuberculosis in children. Although the study was conducted in a city with satisfactory social indicators, income distribution is quite uneven, as the ndings reveal. The study is in line with the End TB Strategy and the 2030 agenda, which aims to support strategic actions and, therefore, save the lives of children through the systematic, intensi ed and comprehensive search of children with tuberculosis respiratory symptoms in the community.

One of the purposes of system reliability analysis is to identify the weaknesses or the critical components in a system and to quantify the impact of component’s failures. Various importance measures are being introduced by many researchers since 1969. These component importance measures provide a numerical rank to determine which components are more important to system reliability improvement or more critical to system failure. In this paper, we overview various components importance measures and briefly discuss them with examples. We also discuss some other extended importance measures and review the developments in study of various importance measures with respect to some of the popular reliability systems.

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